Adlercreutz H, Mazur W: Phyto-oestrogens and Western diseases. Ann Med. 1997, 29: 95-120.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Setchell KD: Phytoestrogens: the biochemistry, physiology, and implications for human health of soy isoflavones. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998, Suppl: 1333S-1346S.
Google Scholar
Reinli K, Block G: Phytoestrogen content of foods: a compendium of literature values. Nutr Cancer. 1996, 26: 123-148.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen Z, Zheng W, Custer LJ, Dai Q, Shu XO, Jin F, Franke AA: Usual dietary consumption of soy foods and its correlation with the excretion rate of isoflavonoids in overnight urine samples among Chinese women in Shanghai. Nutr Cancer. 1999, 33: 82-87.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
de Kleijn MJ, van der Schouw YT, Wilson PW, Adlercreutz H, Mazur W, Grobbee DE, Jacques PF: Intake of dietary phytoestrogens is low in postmenopausal women in the United States: the Framingham study(1–4). J Nutr. 2001, 131: 1826-1832.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Parkin DM, Pisani P, Ferlay J: Estimates of the worldwide incidence of eighteen major cancers in 1985. Int J Cancer. 1993, 54: 594-606.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ling X, Lu A, Zhao X, Chen X, Cummings SR: Very low rates of hip fracture in Beijing, People's Republic of China the Beijing Osteoporosis Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1996, 144: 901-907.
Article
Google Scholar
Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Amouyel P, Arveiler D, Rajakangas AM, Pajak A: Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project. Registration procedures, event rates, and case-fatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in four continents. Circulation. 1994, 90: 583-612.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Petrakis NL, Barnes S, King EB, Lowenstein J, Wiencke J, Lee MM, Miike R, Kirk M, Coward L: Stimulatory influence of soy protein isolate on breast secretion in pre- and postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1996, 5: 785-794.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hargreaves DF, Potten CS, Harding C, Shaw LE, Morton MS, Roberts SA, Howell A, Bundred NJ: Two-week dietary soy supplementation has an estrogenic effect on normal premenopausal breast. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999, 84: 4017-4024. 10.1210/jc.84.11.4017.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Boyd NF, Lockwood GA, Byng JW, Tritchler DL, Yaffe MJ: Mammographic densities and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998, 7: 1133-1144.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Boyd NF, Lockwood GA, Martin LJ, Byng JW, Yaffe MJ, Tritchler DL: Mammographic density as a marker of susceptibility to breast cancer: a hypothesis. IARC Sci Publ. 2001, 154: 163-169.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Laya MB, Gallagher JC, Schreiman JS, Larson EB, Watson P, Weinstein L: Effect of postmenopausal hormonal replacement therapy on mammographic density and parenchymal pattern. Radiology. 1995, 196: 433-437.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Leung W, Goldberg F, Zee B, Sterns E: Mammographic density in women on postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Surgery. 1997, 122: 669-673. discussion 673-664
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stomper PC, Van Voorhis BJ, Ravnikar VA, Meyer JE: Mammographic changes associated with postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: a longitudinal study. Radiology. 1990, 174: 487-490.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Greendale GA, Reboussin BA, Sie A, Singh HR, Olson LK, Gatewood O, Bassett LW, Wasilauskas C, Bush T, Barrett-Connor E: Effects of estrogen and estrogen-progestin on mammographic parenchymal density. Postmenopausal Estrogen/ Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Investigators. Ann Intern Med. 1999, 130: 262-269.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lundstrom E, Wilczek B, von Palffy Z, Soderqvist G, von Schoultz B: Mammographic breast density during hormone replacement therapy: differences according to treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999, 181: 348-352.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rutter CM, Mandelson MT, Laya MB, Seger DJ, Taplin S: Changes in breast density associated with initiation, discontinuation, and continuing use of hormone replacement therapy. JAMA. 2001, 285: 171-176. 10.1001/jama.285.2.171.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Atkinson C, Warren R, Bingham SA, Day NE: Mammographic patterns as a predictive biomarker of breast cancer risk: effect of tamoxifen. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999, 8: 863-866.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brisson J, Brisson B, Cote G, Maunsell E, Berube S, Robert J: Tamoxifen and mammographic breast densities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000, 9: 911-915.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chow CK, Venzon D, Jones EC, Premkumar A, O'Shaughnessy J, Zujewski J: Effect of tamoxifen on mammographic density. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000, 9: 917-921.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Atkinson C, Bingham SA: Mammographic breast density as a biomarker of effects of isoflavones on the female breast. Br Cancer Res. 2002, 4: 1-4. 10.1186/bcr410.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Boyd NF, Greenberg C, Lockwood G, Little L, Martin L, Byng J, Yaffe M, Tritchler D: Effects at two years of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on radiologic features of the breast: results from a randomized trial. Canadian Diet and Breast Cancer Prevention Study Group. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997, 89: 488-496. 10.1093/jnci/89.7.488.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vachon CM, Kushi LH, Cerhan JR, Kuni CC, Sellers TA: Association of diet and mammographic breast density in the Minnesota breast cancer family cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000, 9: 151-160.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sala E, Warren R, Duffy S, Welch A, Luben R, Day N: High risk mammographic parenchymal patterns and diet: a case-control study. Br J Cancer. 2000, 83: 121-126. 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1151.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Maskarinec G, Meng L: An investigation of soy intake and mammographic characteristics in Hawaii. Br Can Res. 2001, 3: 134-141. 10.1186/bcr285.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Maskarinec G, Williams AE, Carlin L: Mammographic densities in a one-year isoflavone intervention. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2003, 12: 165-169. 10.1097/00008469-200304000-00011.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wolfe JN: Breast patterns as an index of risk for developing breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1976, 126: 1130-1137.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Setchell KD, Brown NM, Desai P, Zimmer-Nechemias L, Wolfe BE, Brashear WT, Kirschner AS, Cassidy A, Heubi JE: Bioavailability of pure isoflavones in healthy humans and analysis of commercial soy isoflavone supplements. J Nutr. 2001, Suppl: 1362S-1375S.
Google Scholar
Sala E, Warren R, McCann J, Duffy S, Day N, Luben R: Mammographic parenchymal patterns and mode of detection: implications for the breast screening programme. J Med Screen. 1998, 5: 207-212.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Greene JG: A factor analytic study of climacteric symptoms. J Psychosom Res. 1976, 20: 425-430. 10.1016/0022-3999(76)90005-2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bingham S, Cummings JH: The use of 4-aminobenzoic acid as a marker to validate the completeness of 24 h urine collections in man. Clin Sci. 1983, 64: 629-635.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Johansson G, Bingham S, Vahter M: A method to compensate for incomplete 24-hour urine collections in nutritional epidemiology studies. Pub Health Nutr. 1999, 2: 587-591.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Setchell KD, Welsh MB, Lim CK: High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of phytoestrogens in soy protein preparations with ultraviolet, electrochemical and thermospray mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr. 1987, 386: 315-323. 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94608-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Franke AA, Custer LJ, Cerna CM, Narala K: Rapid HPLC analysis of dietary phytoestrogens from legumes and from human urine. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1995, 208: 18-26.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dunning AM, Healey CS, Pharoah PD, Foster NA, Lipscombe JM, Redman KL, Easton DF, Day NE, Ponder BA: No association between a polymorphism in the steroid metabolism gene CYP17 and risk of breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1998, 77: 2045-2047.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Healey CS, Dunning AM, Durocher F, Teare D, Pharoah PD, Luben RN, Easton DF, Ponder BA: Polymorphisms in the human aromatase cytochrome P450 gene (CYP19) and breast cancer risk. Carcinogenesis. 2000, 21: 189-193. 10.1093/carcin/21.2.189.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Livak KJ, Marmaro J, Todd JA: Towards fully automated genome-wide polymorphism screening. Nat Genet. 1995, 9: 341-342.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dowsett M, Goss PE, Powles TJ, Hutchinson G, Brodie AM, Jeffcoate SL, Coombes RC: Use of the aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrostenedione in postmenopausal breast cancer: optimization of therapeutic dose and route. Cancer Res. 1987, 47: 1957-1961.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ferry DR, Smith A, Malkhandi J, Fyfe DW, deTakats PG, Anderson D, Baker J, Kerr DJ: Phase I clinical trial of the flavonoid quercetin: pharmacokinetics and evidence for in vivo tyrosine kinase inhibition. Clin Cancer Res. 1996, 2: 659-668.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Campbell MJ, Julious SA, Altman DG: Estimating sample sizes for binary, ordered categorical, and continuous outcomes in two group comparisons. BMJ. 1995, 311: 1145-1148. (Published erratum appears in BMJ 1996, 312:96.)
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Beral V: Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet. 2003, 362: 419-427. 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14065-2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, Jackson RD, Beresford SA, Howard BV, Johnson KC, Kotchen JM, Ockene J: Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002, 288: 321-333.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lundstrom E, Christow A, Kersemaekers W, Svane G, Azavedo E, Soderqvist G, Mol-Arts M, Barkfeldt J, von Schoultz B: Effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on mammographic breast density. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002, 186: 717-722. 10.1067/mob.2002.121896.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Messina MJ: Soy foods and soybean isoflavones and menopausal health. Nutr Clin Care. 2002, 5: 272-282. 10.1046/j.1523-5408.2002.05602.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carusi D: Phytoestrogens as hormone replacement therapy: an evidence-based approach. Prim Care Update Ob Gyns. 2000, 7: 253-259. 10.1016/S1068-607X(00)00055-X.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Freedman M, San Martin J, O'Gorman J, Eckert S, Lippman ME, Lo SC, Walls EL, Zeng J: Digitized mammography: a clinical trial of postmenopausal women randomly assigned to receive raloxifene, estrogen, or placebo. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001, 93: 51-56. 10.1093/jnci/93.1.51.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nagata C, Takatsuka N, Inaba S, Kawakami N, Shimizu H: Effect of soymilk consumption on serum estrogen concentrations in premenopausal Japanese women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998, 90: 1830-1835. 10.1093/jnci/90.23.1830.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lu L-JW, Anderson KE, Grady JJ, Kohen F, Nagamani M: Decreased ovarian hormones during a soya diet: implications for breast cancer prevention. Cancer Res. 2000, 60: 4112-4121.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lu LJ, Anderson KE, Grady JJ, Nagamani M: Effects of soya consumption for one month on steroid hormones in premenopausal women: implications for breast cancer risk reduction. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1996, 5: 63-70.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Duncan AM, Underhill KE, Xu X, Lavalleur J, Phipps WR, Kurzer MS: Modest hormonal effects of soy isoflavones in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999, 84: 3479-3484. 10.1210/jc.84.10.3479.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cassidy A, Bingham S, Setchell KD: Biological effects of a diet of soy protein rich in isoflavones on the menstrual cycle of premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994, 60: 333-340.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Duncan AM, Merz BE, Xu X, Nagel TC, Phipps WR, Kurzer MS: Soy isoflavones exert modest hormonal effects in premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999, 84: 192-197. 10.1210/jc.84.1.192.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lu LJ, Anderson KE, Grady JJ, Nagamani M: Effects of an isoflavone-free soy diet on ovarian hormones in premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001, 86: 3045-3052. 10.1210/jc.86.7.3045.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baird DD, Umbach DM, Lansdell L, Hughes CL, Setchell KD, Weinberg CR, Haney AF, Wilcox AJ, McLachlan JA: Dietary intervention study to assess estrogenicity of dietary soy among postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995, 80: 1685-1690. 10.1210/jc.80.5.1685.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Akiyama T, Ishida J, Nakagawa S, Ogawara H, Watanabe S, Itoh N, Shibuya M, Fukami Y: Genistein, a specific inhibitor of tyrosine-specific protein kinases. J Biol Chem. 1987, 262: 5592-5595.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Murkies AL, Lombard C, Strauss BJ, Wilcox G, Burger HG, Morton MS: Dietary flour supplementation decreases postmenopausal hot flushes: effect of soy and wheat. Maturitas. 1995, 21: 189-195. 10.1016/0378-5122(95)00899-V.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brzezinski A, Adlercreutz H, Shaoul R, Rösler A, Shmueli A, Tanos V, Schenker JG: Short-term effects of phytoestrogen-rich diet on postmenopausal women. Menopause. 1997, 4: 89-94.
Article
Google Scholar
Albertazzi P, Pansini F, Bonaccorsi G, Zanotti L, Forini E, De Aloysio D: The effect of dietary soy supplementation on hot flushes. Obstet Gynecol. 1998, 91: 6-11. 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00597-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
St Germain A, Peterson CT, Robinson JG, Alekel DL: Isoflavone-rich or isoflavone-poor soy protein does not reduce menopausal symptoms during 24 weeks of treatment. Menopause. 2001, 8: 17-26. 10.1097/00042192-200101000-00005.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Knight DC, Howes JB, Eden JA: The effect of Promensil, an isoflavone extract, on menopausal symptoms. Climacteric. 1999, 2: 79-84.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Knight DC, Howes JB, Eden JA, Howes LG: Effects on menopausal symptoms and acceptability of isoflavone-containing soy powder dietary supplementation. Climacteric. 2001, 4: 13-18.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baber RJ, Templeman C, Morton T, Kelly GE, West L: Randomized placebo-controlled trial of an isoflavone supplement and menopausal symptoms in women. Climacteric. 1999, 2: 85-92.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Van de Weijer PHM, Barentsen R: Isoflavones from red clover (Promensil) significantly reduce menopausal hot flush symptoms compared with placebo. Maturitas. 2002, 42: 187-193. 10.1016/S0378-5122(02)00080-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dunning AM, Healey CS, Pharoah PD, Teare MD, Ponder BA, Easton DF: A systematic review of genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999, 8: 843-854.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ye Z, Parry JM: The CYP17 MspA1 polymorphism and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Mutagenesis. 2002, 17: 119-126. 10.1093/mutage/17.2.119.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Million Women Study Collaborators: Patterns of use of hormone replacement therapy in one million women in Britain, 1996–2000. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2002, 109: 1319-1330.
Article
Google Scholar