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  1. The common link with oestrogen levels suggests that bone mineral density and mammographic density might also be linked. One study found weak support for this, but another study failed to provide confirmation. ...

    Authors: Jack Cuzick
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:104
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  3. Increased mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. The reasons for this are not clear; two obvious possibilities are increased epithelial cell proliferation in mammographically dense are...

    Authors: Debra Hawes, Susan Downey, Celeste Leigh Pearce, Sue Bartow, Peggy Wan, Malcolm C Pike and Anna H Wu
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:R24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Massive tissue remodelling occurs within the mammary gland during pregnancy, resulting in the formation of lobuloalveoli that are capable of milk secretion. Endocrine signals generated predominantly by prolact...

    Authors: Samantha R Oakes, Heidi N Hilton and Christopher J Ormandy
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:207
    Content type: Review Published on:

  5. Opportunities for the detection, prediction, and treatment of breast cancer exist at three biological levels: systemically via the blood, at the whole organ level, and within the individual ductal lobular stru...

    Authors: Bonnie L King and Susan M Love
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:206
    Content type: Review Published on:

  8. Predicting the clinical course of breast cancer is often difficult because it is a diverse disease comprised of many biological subtypes. Gene expression profiling by microarray analysis has identified breast ...

    Authors: Laurent Perreard, Cheng Fan, John F Quackenbush, Michael Mullins, Nicholas P Gauthier, Edward Nelson, Mary Mone, Heidi Hansen, Saundra S Buys, Karen Rasmussen, Alejandra Ruiz Orrico, Donna Dreher, Rhonda Walters, Joel Parker, Zhiyuan Hu, Xiaping He…
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:R23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a central role in promoting angiogenesis and is over-expressed in breast cancer. At least four polymorphisms in the VEGF gene have been associated with changes in V...

    Authors: Eric J Jacobs, Heather Spencer Feigelson, Elizabeth B Bain, Kerri A Brady, Carmen Rodriguez, Victoria L Stevens, Alpa V Patel, Michael J Thun and Eugenia E Calle
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:R22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The ras pathway is essential for cell growth and proliferation. The effects of R115777, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, were investigated in cancer cell lines expressing varying levels of growth factor recep...

    Authors: Fredrik Wärnberg, Daniel White, Elizabeth Anderson, Fiona Knox, Robert B Clarke, Julie Morris and Nigel J Bundred
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:R21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Studies in xenograft models and experimental models of metastasis have implicated several β3 integrin-expressing cell populations, including endothelium, platelets and osteoclasts, in breast tumor progression....

    Authors: Erica K Sloan, Normand Pouliot, Kym L Stanley, Jenny Chia, Jane M Moseley, Daphne K Hards and Robin L Anderson
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:R20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Involution of the mammary gland is an essential process that removes the milk-producing epithelial cells when they become redundant at weaning. It is a two-step process that involves the death of the secretory...

    Authors: Christine J Watson
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:203
    Content type: Review Published on:

  13. We have previously linked HER4 expression with increased survival in breast cancer. However, other reports have associated HER4 with adverse prognostic significance. One possible explanation for the conflictin...

    Authors: Sian M Tovey, Barbara Dunne, Caroline J Witton, Timothy G Cooke and John MS Bartlett
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:R19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Activation of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFIR) promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in a variety of cell types. Transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active IGFIR or IGF-I ...

    Authors: Gina M Yanochko and Walter Eckhart
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:R18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. This study was designed to determine if and how a non-toxic, naturally occurring bioflavonoid, galangin, affects proliferation of human mammary tumor cells. Our previous studies demonstrated that, in other cel...

    Authors: Tessa J Murray, Xinhai Yang and David H Sherr
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:R17
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. There is growing evidence that heritable genetic variation modulates metastatic efficiency. Our previous work using a mouse mammary tumor model has shown that metastatic efficiency is modulated by the GTPase-a...

    Authors: Nigel PS Crawford, Argyrios Ziogas, David J Peel, James Hess, Hoda Anton-Culver and Kent W Hunter
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:R16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are at increased risk for developing both breast and ovarian cancer. It has been suggested that carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations may also be at increased risk of having recurrent (t...

    Authors: Eitan Friedman, Joanne Kotsopoulos, Jan Lubinski, Henry T Lynch, Parviz Ghadirian, Susan L Neuhausen, Claudine Isaacs, Barbara Weber, William D Foulkes, Pal Moller, Barry Rosen, Charmaine Kim-Sing, Ruth Gershoni-Baruch, Peter Ainsworth, Mary Daly, Nadine Tung…
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:R15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. It has been shown in our previous work that breast asymmetry is related to several of the known risk factors for breast cancer, and that patients with diagnosed breast cancer have more breast volume asymmetry,...

    Authors: Diane Scutt, Gillian A Lancaster and John T Manning
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:R14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Experimental and clinical data show that the oral bisphosphonate clodronate (Bonefos®) can inhibit tumor-induced osteoclastic bone resorption. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial ...

    Authors: Trevor Powles, Alexander Paterson, Eugene McCloskey, Phil Schein, Bobbi Scheffler, Alwynne Tidy, Sue Ashley, Ian Smith, Lars Ottestad and John Kanis
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:R13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:406

  21. Authors: Gunter von Minckwitz, Sebastian Harder, Sascha Hövelmann, Elke Jäger, Salah-Eddin Al-Batran, Sibylle Loibl, Akin Atmaca, Christian Cimpoiasu, Antje Neumann, Aklil Abera, Alexander Knuth, Manfred Kaufmann, Dirk Jäger, Alexander B Maurer and Winfried S Wels
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:403
    Content type: Erratum to Published on:

    The original article was published in Breast Cancer Research 2005 7:R617

  24. Breast cancers of different histology have different clinical and prognostic features. There are also indications of differences in aetiology. We therefore evaluated the risk of the three most common histologi...

    Authors: Lena U Rosenberg, Cecilia Magnusson, Emma Lindström, Sara Wedrén, Per Hall and Paul W Dickman
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:R11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab) is a multidisciplinary, collaborative framework for the investigation of familial breast cancer. Based in Austral...

    Authors: Graham J Mann, Heather Thorne, Rosemary L Balleine, Phyllis N Butow, Christine L Clarke, Edward Edkins, Gerda M Evans, Sián Fereday, Eric Haan, Michael Gattas, Graham G Giles, Jack Goldblatt, John L Hopper, Judy Kirk, Jennifer A Leary, Geoffrey Lindeman…
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:R12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Failure to detect co-expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and proliferation 'markers' such as Ki67 in human mammary epithelium led to the view that estrogen acts indirectly to stimulate mammary epitheli...

    Authors: Constantine Dimitrakakis, Jian Zhou, Jie Wang, Ludmila Matyakhina, Eva Mezey, Jesse Xiyu Wood, Daniel Wang and Carolyn Bondy
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:R10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Current and recent users of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have an increased risk of being recalled to assessment at mammography without breast cancer being diagnosed ('false positive recall'), but there is...

    Authors: Emily Banks, Gillian Reeves, Valerie Beral, Diana Bull, Barbara Crossley, Moya Simmonds, Elizabeth Hilton, Stephen Bailey, Nigel Barrett, Peter Briers, Ruth English, Alan Jackson, Elizabeth Kutt, Janet Lavelle, Linda Rockall, Matthew G Wallis…
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 8:R8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. There is a delicate balance between the favourable and unfavourable side-effects of screening in general. Overdiagnosis, the detection of breast cancers by screening that would otherwise never have been clinic...

    Authors: Harry J de Koning, Gerrit Draisma, Jacques Fracheboud and Arry de Bruijn
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 8:202
    Content type: Review Published on:

  34. The hyperplastic enlarged lobular unit (HELU) is a common alteration in adult female human breast and is the earliest histologically identifiable lesion with premalignant potential. Growth and differentiation ...

    Authors: Sangjun Lee, Syed K Mohsin, Sufeng Mao, Susan G Hilsenbeck, Dan Medina and D Craig Allred
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 8:R6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells that play an essential role in initiating and directing cellular and humoral immunity, including anti-tumor responses. Due to their critical role in cance...

    Authors: Alberto Pinzon-Charry, Tammy Maxwell, Michael A McGuckin, Chris Schmidt, Colin Furnival and J Alejandro López
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 8:R5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Breast cancer is thought to arise in mammary epithelial stem cells. There is, therefore, a large amount of interest in identifying these cells. The breast is a complex tissue consisting of two epithelial layer...

    Authors: Katherine E Sleeman, Howard Kendrick, Alan Ashworth, Clare M Isacke and Matthew J Smalley
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 8:R7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Several genetic risk models for breast and ovarian cancer have been developed, but their applicability to specific populations has not been evaluated. We used data from French-Canadian families to evaluate the...

    Authors: Antonis C Antoniou, Francine Durocher, Paula Smith, Jacques Simard and Douglas F Easton
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 8:R3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Bisphosphonates are inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated tumor-stimulated osteolysis, and they have become standard therapy for the management of bone metastases from breast cancer. These drugs can also directly ...

    Authors: Fabrice Journe, Carole Chaboteaux, Nicolas Magne, Hugues Duvillier, Guy Laurent and Jean-Jacques Body
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 8:R2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 is involved in the repair of double-strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation and chemotherapy drugs. BRCA1 interacts with coactivators such as p300 and CREB-binding ...

    Authors: David L Crowe and Matt K Lee
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 8:R1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The amounts of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) in a primary tumor are predictive of the response to endocrine therapies of breast cancer. Several patients with ER-positive primary tumors...

    Authors: Elisabetta Munzone, Giuseppe Curigliano, Andrea Rocca, Giuseppina Bonizzi, Giuseppe Renne, Aron Goldhirsch and Franco Nolè
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 8:R4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Breast Cancer Research 2006 8:407

  43. Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) and diffuse optical imaging (DOI) are non-invasive diagnostic techniques that employ near-infrared (NIR) light to quantitatively characterize the optical properties of centim...

    Authors: Bruce J Tromberg, Albert Cerussi, Natasha Shah, Montana Compton, Amanda Durkin, David Hsiang, John Butler and Rita Mehta
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 7:279
    Content type: Review Published on:

  44. Genomic aberrations in the form of subchromosomal DNA copy number changes are a hallmark of epithelial cancers, including breast cancer. The goal of the present study was to analyze such aberrations in breast ...

    Authors: Tara L Naylor, Joel Greshock, Yan Wang, Theresa Colligon, QC Yu, Virginia Clemmer, Tal Z Zaks and Barbara L Weber
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 7:R1186
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. The prognostic significance of disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow (DTC-BM) of breast cancer patients has been demonstrated in many studies. Yet, it is not clear which of the primary tumors' biological...

    Authors: Christian Schindlbeck, Theresa Kampik, Wolfgang Janni, Brigitte Rack, Udo Jeschke, Stan Krajewski, Harald Sommer and Klaus Friese
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 7:R1174
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The gene XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1) encodes a protein involved in DNA base excision repair. Two non-synonymous polymorphisms in XRCC1 (Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln) have been shown to alter DNA r...

    Authors: Alpa V Patel, Eugenia E Calle, Alexandre L Pavluck, Heather Spencer Feigelson, Michael J Thun and Carmen Rodriguez
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 7:R1168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. We have previously shown that FTI-277, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI), enhances the efficacy of tamoxifen (Tam) in inhibiting the proliferation of the estrogen dependent MCF-7 cell line. As the cellula...

    Authors: Florence Dalenc, Claire Giamarchi, Mélissa Petit, Marc Poirot, Gilles Favre and Jean-Charles Faye
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 7:R1159
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (BCPT) and Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene (MORE) data have been interpreted to indicate that tamoxifen reduces the risk of ER+ but not ER- breast carcinogenesis. We explored whe...

    Authors: Laura J Esserman, Elissa M Ozanne, Mitch Dowsett and Joyce M Slingerland
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 7:R1153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. In view of the limited success of available treatment modalities for metastatic breast cancer, alternative and complementary strategies need to be developed. Adenoviral vector mediated strategies for breast ca...

    Authors: Mariam A Stoff-Khalili, Alexander Stoff, Angel A Rivera, Nilam S Banerjee, Maaike Everts, Scott Young, Gene P Siegal, Dirk F Richter, Minghui Wang, Peter Dall, J Michael Mathis, Zeng B Zhu and David T Curiel
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 7:R1141
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an adrenal 17-ketosteroid, is a precursor of testosterone and 17β-estradiol. Studies have shown that DHEA inhibits carcinogenesis in mammary gland and prostate as well as other o...

    Authors: Anne Shilkaitis, Albert Green, Vasu Punj, Vernon Steele, Ronald Lubet and Konstantin Christov
    Citation: Breast Cancer Research 2005 7:R1132
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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