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This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 2
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become the standard of care for the diverse population of women diagnosed with locally advanced breast cancer. Serum biomarker levels are increasingly being investigated for their ...
Tumor invasion and metastasis remain a major cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. High concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) suppress tumor invasion and metastasis in vivo. NO prodrugs generate large amoun...
Treatment with estrogen and progesterone (E+P) mimics the protective effect of parity on mammary tumors in rodents and depends upon the activity of p53. The following experiments tested whether exogenous E+P p...
Levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and its main binding protein (IGFBP-3) have been associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women. However, associations of IGFBP-3 levels with breast c...
Knowledge of tumor growth is important in the planning and evaluation of screening programs, clinical trials, and epidemiological studies. Studies of tumor growth rates in humans are usually based on small and...
Only a limited number of tumor markers for breast cancer are currently available. Antibodies to tumor-associated proteins may expand the number of available tumor markers for breast cancer and may be used toge...
The natural product eupatorin has been reported to have antiproliferative activity in tumour cell lines, but the exact mechanism is unclear. The cytochromes P450 CYP1B1, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2 have been shown to p...
By inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decrease aromatase activity and might reduce breast cancer risk by suppressing estrogen synthesis. Epidemiologic evidence for a pro...
Aggressive chemotherapy has improved the life expectancy for reproductive-age women with breast cancer, but it often causes infertility or premature ovarian failure due to destruction of the ovarian reserve. M...
Our goal was to examine the association between biological pathways and response to chemotherapy in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative breast cancers separately.
Amplification of the TNK2 gene in primary tumours correlates with poor prognosis. In accordance, TNK2 overexpression was shown to promote invasion of cancer cells – but the mechanism by which TNK2 mediates the...
Bcl-2 antanogene-1 (Bag-1) binds the anti-apoptotic mediator Bcl-2, and enhances its activity. Bcl-2 and Bag-1 are associated with chemotherapy resistance in cancer cells. Drugs that target Bcl-2 are currently...
Some patients with breast cancer develop local recurrence after breast-conservation surgery despite postoperative radiotherapy, whereas others remain free of local recurrence even in the absence of radiotherap...
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a key component of a multichaperone complex involved in the post-translational folding of a large number of client proteins, many of which play essential roles in tumorigenesis...
The adaptor protein NHERF1/EBP50 (Na/H exchanger regulatory factor 1/ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50) emerged recently as an important player in breast cancer progression. Consisting of two tand...
Phytoestrogens are a group of compounds found in plants that structurally resemble the hormone oestradiol, and thus have the potential to act as oestrogen agonists or antagonists. Their potential effects may a...
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotypes may influence breast cancer risk by altering potential anticarcinogenic effects of vitamin D, but epidemiological studies have been inconsistent. Effect modification by serum...
The cancer stem cell hypothesis proposes that tumors arise in stem or progenitor cells generating in tumors driven by a subcomponent that retains cancer stem cell properties. Recent evidence supports the hypot...
Immunocytochemical or molecular assays allow the detection of single disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow (BM) or the peripheral blood in 10% to 60% of breast cancer patients without signs of met...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 1
To investigate the predictive value of clinical and biological markers for a pathological complete remission after a preoperative dose-dense regimen of doxorubicin and docetaxel, with or without tamoxifen, in ...
Two rapidly evolving fields are converging to impact breast cancer: one has identified novel substrates of metalloproteinases that alter immune cell function, and the other has revealed a role for inflammation...
Increased estrogen level has been regarded to be a risk factor for breast cancer. However, estrogen has also been shown to induce the expression of the tumor suppressor gene, BRCA1. Upregulation of BRCA1 is thoug...
Estrogens play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. The genes that mediate these processes are not fully defined, but potentially include the known mammary oncogene MYC. Characteriza...
In vitro evidence suggests that PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide) activation may be associated with altered chemotherapy sensitivity in cancer.
A gap analysis was conducted to determine which areas of breast cancer research, if targeted by researchers and funding bodies, could produce the greatest impact on patients.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs with regulatory functions, which play an important role in breast cancer. Several studies have shown that miRNAs can act either as tumor suppressors or as oncogenes,...
The phenotypic and functional differences between cells that initiate human breast tumors (cancer stem cells) and those that comprise the tumor bulk are difficult to study using only primary tumor tissue. We e...
A significant survival improvement after postmastectomy radiotherapy was identified in the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG82) b and c studies and in the British Columbia Randomized Radiation Trial...
Tissue factor, the primary initiator of the coagulation cascade, maintains vascular integrity in response to injury. It is now recognised that, in addition to the role as a procoagulant activator, tissue facto...
Determining the status of breast cancer surface receptors (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2/neu) has become routine in the care of patients with this disease and has proven to be helpful in guidi...
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