Figure 5

Schematic representation of signal integration by Smad complexes. Multiple types of signaling pathways converge at the level of Smad complexes to regulate cellular behavior in a stimulus- and microenvironment-specific manner. Various cytokines signal through JAK (Janus kinase) and STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription). The developmental stimuli wnt, notch, and hedgehog signal and activate transcription via β-catenin/TCF, CSL, and Gli, respectively. CSL (C-promoter-binding factor 1 (CBF-1), suppressor of hairless (Su(H)), lin-12 and glp-1 (Lag-1)); TCF, T cell factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta.