Breast cancer in relation to childhood parental divorce and early adult psychiatric disorder in a British birth cohort

Background

Jacobs and Bovasso reported [1] that maternal death in childhood and chronic, severe depression in adulthood was associated with subsequent breast cancer. We examined the effects of parental loss in childhood and psychiatric disorder in adult life on breast cancer risk using a national birth cohort study.

Methods

Eighty-three cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in a study of 2,253 women followed from birth to age 59 years. Cox's proportional hazards models were used to test whether breast cancer rates were higher in women who experienced parental death and divorce before age 16, psychiatric illness between 15 and 32 years, symptoms of anxiety and depression at 36 years, or use of anti-depressant medication at 31 or 36 years than in women who did not have these experiences.

Results

There was no overall association between parental death, parental divorce, or psychiatric disorder on the incidence of breast cancer. There was some evidence that women with severe psychiatric illness were more likely to develop breast cancer early. The interaction between parental divorce and severe psychiatric illness was non-significant (P = 0.1); however, the group who experienced both these events had an increased breast cancer risk compared with those who experienced neither (HR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.13–6.19) [2].

Conclusion

Our study does not provide strong support of the hypothesis that early loss or adult psychiatric disorders are associated with breast cancer. A meta-analysis is needed that uses data from all available cohort studies and investigates possible interactive effects on breast cancer risk.