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Mammalian relative of DnaJ (MRJ [DNAJB6]), a novel member of the human DnaJ family, has two isoforms. The smaller isoform, MRJ(S), is studied mainly for its possible role in Huntington's disease. There are no ...
Estrogen receptors (ERs) play key roles in breast cancer development and influence treatment outcome in breast cancer patients. Identification of molecules that regulate ER function may facilitate development ...
Brain metastases (BM) occur in up to one third of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), whose incidences and prognoses by breast cancer subtypes in BM have not been well delineated.
Over nearly half a century, transplantation methods have been employed to regenerate the mammary gland in vivo. Recent highly cited reports claim to have demonstrated the regeneration of an entire functional mamm...
An urgent requirement exists for new prognostic and predictive assays in breast cancer. Despite the development of high-throughput technologies such as DNA microarrays, it would now appear that immunohistochem...
Tumor cells exhibit an altered metabolism, characterized by increased glucose uptake and elevated glycolysis, which was first recognized by Otto Warburg 70 years ago. Warburg originally hypothesized that these...
Efforts are ongoing to determine the significance of unclassified variants (UVs) in the breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1/BRCA2, but no study has systematically assessed whether women carrying the suspecte...
While current breast cancer chemoprevention strategies using selective estrogen response modulators and aromatase inhibitors are quite successful, their effects are limited to hormonally responsive breast canc...
Finding new immunohistochemical markers that are specific to hereditary breast cancer could help us to select candidates for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation testing and to understand the biological pathways of tumour develo...
Estrogen and androgen signalling pathways exert opposing influences on the proliferation of mammary epithelial and hormone-dependent breast cancer cells. We previously reported that plasma concentrations of 1,...
Oestrogen exposure is a central factor in the development of breast cancer. Oestrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) is the main mediator of oestrogen effect in breast epithelia and has also been shown to be activated ...
The introduction of high-throughput technologies, also called -omics technologies, into epidemiology has raised the need for high-quality observational studies to reduce several sources of error and bias.
Individuals with germline mutations in the BRCA1 gene have an elevated risk of developing breast cancer, and often display characteristic clinicopathological features. We hypothesised that inactivation of BRCA1 b...
Adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) 2 is highly expressed in proliferative cells, and ANT2 induction in cancer cells is known to be directly associated with glycolytic metabolisms and carcinogenesis. In addi...
Historically, histomorphological and epidemiological data suggested that atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ are the earliest recognizable neoplastic stages of breast cancer progression. Over...
Whether cancer stem cells occur in BRCA1-associated breast cancer and contribute to therapeutic response is not known.
Osteolytic metastases due to breast cancer are serious events. The interactions between breast cancer cells with the microenvironment of bone have been thought to provide an ideal milieu for cancer cells. Rece...
Overexpression of the ERBB2 oncogene is observed in about 20% of human breast tumors and is the consequence of increased transcription rates frequently associated with gene amplification. Several studies have sho...
Various perinatal factors, including birth weight, birth order, maternal age, gestational age, twin status, and parental smoking, have been postulated to affect breast cancer risk in daughters by altering the ...
Aberrant microenvironment and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are associated with solid-tumor progression. Stress proteins, like heat shock proteins and glucose-regulated proteins, are frequently overexpress...
Our understanding of many aspects of cancer biology has been advanced through the use of modern genetics. These studies have already shown that germ line polymorphisms play a significant role in disease initia...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 1
Primary breast cancer involving four or more axillary lymph nodes carries a poor prognosis. We hypothesized that use of an immunohistochemical biomarker scoring system could allow for identification of variabl...
The gene encoding Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) is a putative tumor suppressor gene that harbors frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and intragenic mutations in breast carcinoma. The exact biolo...
Bisphosphonates have become standard therapy for the treatment of skeletal complications related to breast cancer. Although their therapeutic effects mainly result from an inhibition of osteoclastic bone resor...
Breast cancer patients with HER2/neu overexpression have poor outcomes with a decrease in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival. The biology of HER2/neu overexpression in breast tumors in African-Am...
There is now extensive evidence that mammographic density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer that is associated with large relative and attributable risks for the disease. The epidemiology of mamm...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 10 Supplement 1
The HER (human EGFR related) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (HER1/EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)/c-erbB1, HER2/c-erbB2, HER3/c-erbB3 and HER4/c-erbB4) shares a high degree of structural and funct...
Gangliosides are sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids that are ubiquitously distributed on vertebrate plasma membranes. GM3, a precursor for most of the more complex ganglioside species, is synthesized by...
Obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and is associated with shortened mammary tumor (MT) latency in MMTV-TGF-α mice with dietary-induced obesity. One link between obesity and breast cancer...
Recently, unprecedented drops in breast cancer incidence have been reported for populations of mostly White European descent. Incidence patterns in non-White racial/ethnic groups are less described. Therefore,...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 9 Supplement 2
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