Fig. 1

Exosome Biogenesis in the Source Cell, Uptake, and Cargo Transfer (a) Exosome Biogenesis in the Source Cell: The intracellular mechanisms involved in exosome biogenesis within the source cell are depicted in this area of the image. It displays the early endosome formation process, the sorting of different cargo molecules into the developing exosomes, and the inward budding of the endosomal membrane to generate multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Labeled cargo molecules consist of proteins, RNAs (miRNAs and mRNAs), lipids, and other bioactive compounds. (b) Exosome Uptake Routes by Target Cells: This portion of the diagram shows the various ways that target cells can absorb exosomes. It demonstrates a variety of exosome uptake processes, including as receptor-mediated interactions, membrane fusion, and endocytosis. (c) Cargo Transfer and Impacts in the Target Cell: The cargo transfer that occurs when exosomes enter the target cell and the ensuing impacts are the main topics of this portion of the picture. It shows how certain cellular processes are activated and how exosome cargo is released into the target cell’s cytoplasm