Fig. 1

PAK inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration of TNBC cells in vitro. A Under the treatment of PAK, cell proliferation of MDA-MB-231 was analyzed using CCK8 assay. B After 24 h treatment, the effect of PAK on MDA-MB-231 cell-cycle distribution was measured by flow cytometry. C Relative cell densities of viable cells and apoptotic cells (Annexin V-positive) were compared to PBS-treated group after 24 h of treatment. D–E For the Transwell assay, PAK (5 µM) was applied to MDA-MB-231 cells for 24 h. Cell invasion and migration were photographed and quantified, respectively. Scale bar: 100 μm. F–G For the wound healing experiment, PAK (5 µM) was applied to MDA-MB-231 cells for 48 h. Scale bar: 100 μm. H Under the treatment of PAK (5 µM), EMT in MDA-MB-231 cells are detected by Western Blot, including N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and Vimentin. Data shown are mean ± SD (n = 5). **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; vs PBS-treated group