Fig. 2

Model showing activities of FOXM1 in breast cancer. FOXM1, in collaboration with the scaffold adaptor protein 14-3-3ζ and protein kinases, increases the Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) population, drives motility, invasiveness and resistance to endocrine and other therapies. Model shows that activation of FOXM1 stimulates its transcriptional activity, enhancing the expression of mitosis related genes, stem cell markers, and RhoGTPases in breast cancer cells, resulting in tumor progression and metastasis to distant sites. Inhibition of FOXM1 activity suppresses tumor growth, invasiveness, and metastasis and reverses drug resistance, as discussed in the text. BTM—basal transcriptional machinery, ERα—estrogen receptor alpha, GFR—growth factor receptor, MAPK—mitogen activated protein kinase