Table 4 Analytical models used for breast cancer risk with breast texture features in addition to mammographic breast density for 17 studies not using the contralateral breast and reporting AUC (sorted by year)
References | Non-mammogram covariates included (e.g., age, parity, etc.) | Established confounders for density adjusted for | Prediction horizon (< 5 year/5 year/10 year) | AUC (baseline model) | Overall AUC (with texture features added) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malkov et al. [38] | Adjusted for age, body mass index, first-degree family history, percent density, study | Age and BMI | NR | 0.617 | 0.621 |
Tan et al. [43] | None | Age | NR | NR | 0.730 |
Winkel et al. [49] | Adjusted for age | Age | NR | BIRADS density = 0.63 | 0.65 |
Eriksson et al. [29] | Percentage mammographic density, age at mammography, BMI, family history of breast cancer, HRT use | Age, BMI, HRT use, and menopausal status | 2 years (for main model) and 3 years (relative risks given) | 0.64 | 0.71 with density and interaction between percentage density and masses also included |
Winkel et al. [48] | Adjusted for birth year, age at false-positive screen, invitation round at false-positive screen | Age | NR | BIRADS density = 0.65, percentage mammographic density = 0.62 | 0.63 |
Yan et al. [50] | None | None | Next sequential mammography screening | NR | 0.816 |
Yan et al. [51] | None | None | Next sequential sequencing | NR | 0.830 |
Gastounioti et al. [31] | Density, BMI, age | Age and BMI | NR | 0.62 | 0.67 |
Heidari et al. [32] | None | Age | 12 to 18 months | NR | 0.68 |
Schmidt et al. [40] | Adjusted for age, BMI | Age and BMI | NR | Percent mammographic density = 0.620 | 0.662 |
Tagliafico et al. [42] | None | Age | NR | NR | 0.567 |
Evans et al. [30] | None | None | 3 years | NR | 0.54 |
Hsu et al. [34] | BIRADS, density, age, race, BMI, age at first live birth, noticeable changes in breast, number of risk factors, 5-year Gail risk ≥ 1.67% | Age and BMI | NR | cv-AUC = 0.83 with BIRADS and density only | cv-AUC = 0.84 |
Kontos et al. [35] | Density, BMI | Age and BMI | NR for AUC model. 5-year risk from Gail and Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium models compared by phenotype | 0.80 | 0.84 |
Abdolell et al. [25] | Age, percent mammographic density | Age | Tailored estimates of current breast cancer risk | 0.584 | 0.597 |
Ma et al. [36] | Age, age at menarche, menopausal status, age at first birth, parity, family history of breast cancer, breast density | Age and menopausal status | NR | 0.61 for training set and 0.56 for test set | 0.77 for training set and 0.75 for test set |
Heine et al. [33] | Adjusted for study, age, body mass index and also with dense volume included | Age and BMI | NR | Volumetric breast density = 0.61 for first study and 0.59 for generalization study | V = 0.61, P1 = 0.61, p1 = 0.60 for first study. V = 0.59, P1 = 0.57, p1 = 0.58 for generalization study |