Table 4 Joint association between breast cancer, microcalcifications, and breast cancer risk with respect to breast cancer subtype
From: Microcalcifications, mammographic breast density, and risk of breast cancer: a cohort study
Microcalcificationa | BI-RADS breast density | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BI-RADS 1 | BI-RADS 2 | BI-RADS 3 | BI-RADS 4 | P-trendb | |||||
Total population (No. of cases) | aHR (95% CI) | Total population (No. of cases) | aHR (95% CI) | Total population (No. of cases) | aHR (95% CI) | Total population (No. of cases) | aHR (95% CI) | ||
Total breast cancer | |||||||||
Total | |||||||||
No microcalcification | 1 236 398 (10 548) | [Ref] | 1 156 867 (15 303) | 1.40 (1.37–1.44) | 1 038 262 (20 338) | 1.91 (1.86–1.96) | 469 110 (11 602) | 2.30 (2.23–2.37) | < 0.001 |
Microcalcification | 1 703 (51) | 3.42 (2.60–4.50) | 2 821 (118) | 4.50 (3.76–5.39) | 3 851 (228) | 5.89 (5.16–6.71) | 1 803 (127) | 6.65 (5.58–7.92) | < 0.001 |
Premenopausal | |||||||||
No microcalcification | 239 116 (2 850) | [Ref] | 399 866 (6 031) | 1.24 (1.19–1.30) | 613 791 (12 985) | 1.72 (1.65–1.79) | 359 150 (9 402) | 2.11 (2.02–2.21) | < 0.001 |
Microcalcification | 402 (22) | 4.61 (3.03–7.02) | 914 (35) | 3.16 (2.26–4.41) | 2 101 (143) | 5.58 (4.72–6.60) | 1 338 (99) | 5.95 (4.87–7.28) | 0.004 |
Postmenopausal | |||||||||
No microcalcification | 977 104 (7 520) | [Ref] | 733 417 (8 945) | 1.46 (1.41–1.50) | 408 272 (7 032) | 1.97 (1.90–2.03) | 103 026 (2 008) | 2.20 (2.09–2.32) | < 0.001 |
Microcalcification | 1 282 (29) | 2.88 (2.00–4.15) | 1 874 (81) | 5.16 (4.15–6.43) | 1 874 (81) | 5.42 (4.36–6.75) | 439 (28) | 7.26 (5.01–10.53) | < 0.001 |
Invasive breast cancer (IBC) | |||||||||
Total | |||||||||
No microcalcification | 1 236 398 (9 704) | [Ref] | 1 156 867 (13 870) | 1.39 (1.35–1.43) | 1 038 262 (18 397) | 1.98 (1.84–1.95) | 469 110 (10 483) | 2.29 (2.22–2.36) | < 0.001 |
Microcalcification | 1 703 (46) | 3.36 (2.51–4.48) | 2 821 (107) | 4.45 (3.68–5.39) | 3 851 (199) | 5.67 (4.90–6.49) | 1 803 (109) | 6.27 (5.19–7.57) | < 0.001 |
Premenopausal | |||||||||
No microcalcification | 239 116 (2604) | [Ref] | 399 866 (5 440) | 1.23 (1.17–1.29) | 613 791 (11 688) | 1.71 (1.64–1.79) | 359 150 (8 462) | 2.11 (2.01–2.21) | < 0.001 |
Microcalcification | 402 (18) | 4.15 (2.61–6.60) | 914 (31) | 3.08 (2.16–4.39) | 2 101 (124) | 5.36 (4.48–6.42) | 1 338 (84) | 5.61 (4.52–6.98) | 0.007 |
Postmenopausal | |||||||||
No microcalcification | 977 104 (6 931) | [Ref] | 733 417 (8 137) | 1.45 (1.40–1.50) | 408 272 (6 414) | 1.97 (1.90–2.04) | 103 026 (1 839) | 2.20 (2.09–2.33) | < 0.001 |
Microcalcification | 1 282 (28) | 3.00 (2.07–4.36) | 1 874 (74) | 5.16 (4.10–6.49) | 1 874 (71) | 5.22 (4.13–6.59) | 439 (25) | 7.06 (4.77–10.46) | < 0.001 |
Breast cancer in situ (DCIS) | |||||||||
Total | |||||||||
No microcalcification | 1 236 398 (2 149) | [Ref] | 1 156 867 (3 538) | 1.51 (1.43–1.60) | 1 038 262 (4 972) | 2.06 (1.95–2.17) | 469 110 (2 849) | 2.40 (2.25–2.55) | < 0.001 |
Microcalcification | 1 703 (13) | 4.25 (2.46–7.33) | 2 821 (37) | 6.57 (4.75–9.10) | 3 851 (74) | 8.42 (6.67–10.63) | 1 803 (39) | 8.57 (6.24–11.78) | < 0.001 |
Premenopausal | |||||||||
No microcalcification | 239 116 (639) | [Ref] | 399 866 (1 455) | 1.30 (1.18–1.43) | 613 791 (3 287) | 1.84 (1.68–2.01) | 359 150 (2 357) | 2.18 (1.99–2.39) | < 0.001 |
Microcalcification | 402 (8) | 7.37 (3.67–14.80) | 914 (13) | 5.12 (2.96–8.87) | 2 101 (47) | 7.69 (5.71–10.34) | 1 338 (32) | 7.84 (5.49–11.20) | 0.216 |
Postmenopausal | |||||||||
No microcalcification | 977 104 (1 480) | [Ref] | 733 417 (2 012) | 1.61 (1.50–1.72) | 408 272 (1 609) | 2.14 (1.98–2.30) | 103 026 (443) | 2.24 (2.00–2.60) | < 0.001 |
Microcalcification | 1 282 (5) | 2.52 (1.05–6.06) | 1 874 (24) | 7.48 (5.00–11.21) | 1 874 (24) | 7.65 (5.10–11.46) | 439 (7) | 8.30 (3.95–17.47) | < 0.001 |