Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pregnancy and breast tissue composition in adolescent daughters and their mothers: a prospective cohort study

Table 2 Adjusted linear associations of prenatal exposure to ambient PAH and measures of breast tissue composition in adolescent daughters, ages 11–20 years, from the Columbia Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program Columbia-BCERP) Study; N = 182

Model covariate	Water content		Lipid content		Collagen content		Optical index
	β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value
Prenatal exposures
Σ8 PAH^a	0.10 (− 0.04, 0.25)	0.17	− 0.10 (− 0.24, 0.04)	0.17	0.01 (− 0.15, 0.18)	0.86	0.09 (− 0.05, 0.24)	0.20
Pyrene^b	0.01 (− 0.13, 0.16)	0.88	− 0.03 (− 0.17, 0.11)	0.69	− 0.01 (− 0.16, 0.15)	0.94	0.03 (− 0.11, 0.18)	0.63
Tobacco smoke^c	− 0.15 (− 0.46, 0.16)	0.33	− 0.14 (− 0.43, 0.16)	0.37	0.10 (− 0.23, 0.43)	0.56	0.17 (− 0.13, 0.47)	0.27
Covariates
Age, linear term^d	− 12.53 (− 19.51, − 5.55)	0.001	10.94 (4.16, 17.71)	0.002	0.00 (− 7.60, 7.59)	0.99	− 8.83 (− 15.65, − 2.01)	0.01
Age, quadratic term^d	0.81 (0.38, 1.25)	< 0.001	− 0.71 (− 1.13, − 0.28)	0.001	− 0.01 (− 0.48, 0.46)	0.97	0.57 (0.14, 0.99)	0.009
Age, cubic term^d	− 0.02 (− 0.03, − 0.01)	< 0.001	0.02 (0.01, 0.02)	0.001	0.00 (− 0.01, 0.01)	0.93	− 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.00)	0.007
Race/ethnicity^e	− 0.27 (− 0.57, 0.02)	0.07	0.61 (0.32, 0.90)	< 0.001	− 0.30 (− 0.63, 0.02)	0.06	− 0.75 (− 1.04, − 0.46)	< 0.001
Percent body fat^f	− 0.23 (− 0.40, − 0.05)	0.01	0.32 (0.15, 0.49)	< 0.001	− 0.11 (− 0.30, 0.09)	0.28	− 0.16 (− 0.33, 0.01)	0.07

^aModeled as a one-standard deviation change in log-transformed Σ8 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) exposure; adjusted for race/ethnicity, age at optical spectroscopy, and percent body fat at optical spectroscopy
^bModeled as a one-standard deviation change in log-transformed pyrene exposure; adjusted for race/ethnicity, age at optical spectroscopy, and percent body fat at optical spectroscopy
^cModeled as any tobacco smoker in the household during pregnancy vs. none; adjusted for race/ethnicity, age at optical spectroscopy, and percent body fat at optical spectroscopy
^dModeled as a one-year change in age; adjusted for Σ8 PAH exposure during pregnancy, race/ethnicity, and percent body fat at optical spectroscopy
^eModeled as Hispanic versus non-Hispanic Black; adjusted for Σ8 PAH exposure during pregnancy, age at optical spectroscopy, and percent body fat at optical spectroscopy
^fModeled as a 10% change in body fat; adjusted for Σ8 PAH exposure during pregnancy, race/ethnicity, and age at optical spectroscopy

ISSN: 1465-542X