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Table 2 Associations of potential risk factors with the detection and density of crown-like structures in breast adipose tissue (CLS-B) among 342 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer (stages I–III) at Emory University between 2007 and 2012

From: Detection of crown-like structures in breast adipose tissue and clinical outcomes among African-American and White women with breast cancer

 

Any CLS-Ba

  

CLS-B Density (CLS-B/cm2)

  

Characteristic

No

N = 239

Yes

N = 103

Unadjusted

ORb (95% CI)

Adjusted

ORb (95% CI)

None

N = 239

Low (< 0.87)

N = 51

High (≥ 0.87)

N = 52

Unadjusted

ORc (95% CI)

Adjusted

ORc (95% CI)

N (%)

N (%)

  

N (%)

N (%)

N (%) 

  

Raced

 White

120 (50)

48 (47)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

120 (50)

28 (55)

20 (38)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

 African-American

119 (50)

55 (53)

1.16 (0.73–1.84)

0.82 (0.49–1.36)

119 (50)

23 (45)

32 (62)

1.23 (0.78–1.94)

0.95 (0.58–1.54)

Age at diagnosis (years)d

 25 to < 50

86 (36)

27 (26)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

86 (36)

14 (27)

13 (25)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

 50 to < 60

74 (31)

30 (29)

1.29 (0.70–2.37)

1.20 (0.64–2.25)

74 (31)

17 (33)

13 (25)

1.26 (0.69–2.30)

1.19 (0.64–2.21)

 ≥ 60

79 (33)

46 (45)

1.85 (1.05–3.26)

1.78 (0.99–3.21)

79 (33)

20 (39)

26 (50)

1.89 (1.09–3.30)

1.85 (1.05–3.26)

BMI (kg/m2)d

 < 25

106 (45)

20 (19)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

106 (45)

9 (18)

11 (21)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

 25 to < 30

60 (25)

25 (24)

2.21 (1.13–4.31)

2.34 (1.17–4.70)

60 (25)

14 (27)

11 (21)

2.13 (1.10–4.12)

2.19 (1.10–4.36)

 ≥ 30

71 (30)

58 (56)

4.33 (2.40–7.81)

4.73 (2.48–9.01)

71 (30)

28 (55)

30 (58)

4.16 (2.33–7.43)

4.48 (2.38–8.41)

Smoking statusd

 Non-smoker

159 (67)

66 (66)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

159 (67)

36 (72)

30 (60)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

 Past smoker

64 (27)

23 (23)

0.87 (0.50–1.51)

0.79 (0.44–1.41)

64 (27)

10 (20)

13 (26)

0.91 (0.52–1.56)

0.84 (0.48–1.48)

 Current smoker

13 (6)

11 (11)

2.04 (0.87–4.78)

2.13 (0.87–5.21)

13 (6)

4 (8)

7 (14)

2.20 (0.97–4.97)

2.30 (0.99–5.32)

Age at menarche

(years)d,e

12.7 (1.6)

12.7 (1.8)

0.98 (0.85–1.15)

1.06 (0.90–1.25)

12.7 (1.6)

12.6 (1.6)

12.7 (2.0)

0.99 (0.85–1.15)

1.06 (0.90–1.24)

Parityd

 Nulliparous

28 (13)

16 (19)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

28 (13)

10 (23)

6 (15)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

 Parous (1+ live births)

181 (87)

68 (81)

0.66 (0.33–1.29)

0.49 (0.24–1.01)

181 (87)

34 (77)

34 (85)

0.71 (0.37–1.38)

0.57 (0.28–1.13)

History of breastfeedingd,f

 No

52 (38)

23 (44)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

52 (38)

9 (35)

14 (54)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

 Yes

86 (62)

29 (56)

0.76 (0.40–1.46)

0.86 (0.44–1.70)

86 (62)

17 (65)

12 (46)

0.71 (0.38–1.35)

0.79 (0.41–1.52)

Menopausal statusd

 Pre-/perimenopausal

89 (39)

28 (30)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

89 (39)

14 (29)

14 (30)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

 Postmenopausal

140 (61)

67 (71)

1.52 (0.91–2.55)

1.41 (0.66–2.99)

140 (61)

35 (71)

32 (70)

1.49 (0.90–2.48)

1.46 (0.70–3.02)

Age at menopause (years)d,g

 < 45

55 (44)

28 (49)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

55 (44)

11 (41)

17 (57)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

 45 to < 50

25 (20)

10 (18)

0.79 (0.33–1.86)

0.91 (0.38–2.21)

25 (20)

4 (15)

6 (20)

0.78 (0.34–1.82)

0.88 (0.37–2.08)

 50 to < 55

37 (29)

13 (23)

0.69 (0.32–1.50)

0.74 (0.33–1.67)

37 (29)

8 (30)

5 (17)

0.64 (0.30–1.38)

0.67 (0.30–1.49)

 ≥ 55

9 (7)

6 (11)

1.31 (0.42–4.05)

1.13 (0.34–3.71)

9 (7)

4 (15)

2 (7)

1.11 (0.36–3.37)

0.91 (0.28–2.90)

Hormone replacement therapy used,g

 No

77 (60)

43 (72)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

77 (60)

25 (86)

18 (58)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

 Yes

51 (40)

17 (28)

0.60 (0.31–1.16)

0.74 (0.37–1.50)

51 (40)

4 (14)

13 (42)

0.69 (0.36–1.32)

0.87 (0.44–1.73)

Family history of breast cancerd

 No

165 (72)

75 (77)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

165 (72)

38 (76)

37 (77)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

 Yes

63 (28)

23 (23)

0.80 (0.46–1.39)

0.80 (0.45–1.40)

63 (28)

12 (24)

11 (23)

0.80 (0.47–1.38)

0.82 (0.47–1.43)

Diabetes mellitusd

 No

210 (88)

88 (85)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

210 (88)

43 (84)

45 (87)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

 Yes

29 (12)

15 (15)

1.23 (0.63–2.42)

0.82 (0.39–1.73)

29 (12)

8 (16)

7 (13)

1.20 (0.62–2.32)

0.80 (0.38–1.65)

Hypertensiond

 No

144 (60)

56 (54)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

144 (60)

27 (53)

29 (56)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

 Yes

95 (40)

47 (46)

1.27 (0.80–2.03)

0.86 (0.50–1.49)

95 (40)

24 (47)

23 (44)

1.25 (0.79–1.97)

0.88 (0.52–1.49)

High cholesterold

 No

204 (85)

82 (80)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

204 (85)

42 (82)

40 (77)

1.00 (−)

1.00 (−)

 Yes

35 (15)

21 (20)

1.49 (0.82–2.72)

1.28 (0.68–2.42)

35 (15)

9 (18)

12 (23)

1.57 (0.88–2.82)

1.34 (0.73–2.47)

  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, CLS-B crown-like structures in the breast, OR odds ratio
  2. Note: missing values were not included in the calculation of percentages
  3. aAny CLS-B was defined as detection of ≥ 1 CLS-B with adipocyte encirclement ≥ 50% on the tissue section examined
  4. bEstimated odds ratios using logistic regression models with any CLS-B (yes versus no) as the outcome
  5. cEstimated odds ratios from proportional odds models; odds ratios represent the odds of increasing CLS-B (low or high CLS-B density versus no CLS-B; high CLS-B density versus none or low CLS-B density); score tests for the proportional odds assumption were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) for all models except for hormone replacement therapy use among postmenopausal women (P = 0.0032) which showed an inverse association for low CLS-B density (adjusted OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.09, 0.89) and a positive association for high CLS-B density (adjusted OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.66, 3.31) compared to no CLS-B
  6. dAll models were adjusted for age at diagnosis (years), race (African-American, White), and body mass index (kg/m2) except for those models where these covariates were the exposures of interest in which case covariates were mutually adjusted for; BMI models additionally adjusted for smoking status (never smoker, past smoker, current smoker)
  7. eValues expressed as mean (standard deviation)
  8. fAmong parous women only
  9. gAmong postmenopausal women only
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Breast Cancer Research

ISSN: 1465-542X

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