Fig. 3

Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1)-depleted breast cancer cell efficiently colonize the lung in an experimental metastatic model in vivo and inhibitory effect of carnosine. a MDA-MB-231 shGLO1#1 and #2 and control shNT cells were injected into the tail vein of NOD-SCID mice (12–14 mice/group). Mice were treated with carnosine by intraperitoneal injection (100 mg/kg, 3 times/week). After 6 weeks, mice were sacrificed and lungs were collected. Representative human vimentin immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) of whole lungs shows metastatic tumor lesions. Bar represents 2 mm. b Quantification of vimentin-positive cells on three representative whole lung sections per mouse. Each dot represents one case and red bars represent median. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. c Human vimentin (a, d) and tenascin C (b, e) IHC and Masson’s trichrome staining (c, f) were performed on whole lungs from mice injected into the tail vein with MDA-MB-231 shGLO1 cells. Representative stains are shown for tenascin C and Masson’s trichrome scored as low (b and c, respectively) or high (e and f, respectively). Magnification 20×. d Quantification of tenascin C and Masson’s trichrome staining on lung sections from mice injected with GLO1-silenced MDA-MB-231 cells treated with carnosine. ns, not significant; *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001