Fig. 4

Combination treatment with LTX-315 and CAELYX® induced extensive necrosis and tumor tissue damage followed by an increase in CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells into the viable tumor region. Tumors (n = 4–5) were harvested on day 13 and 27, and stained for H&E, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Representative histological pictures show that tumors treated with monotherapies or the combination therapy had areas of significant necrosis and hemorrhagic damage (black arrows). Treated tumors with remaining viable tumor tissue had significant infiltration of CD4+ T cells compared to tumors in controls in which CD4+ T cells were excluded from the intratumoral milieu. The combination group had higher amounts of CD8+ T cells in the viable intratumoral environment on day 13 compared to controls