Aerobic and resistance exercise improves physical fitness, bone health, and quality of life in overweight and obese breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Comparison of breast cancer-specific quality of life between exercise and usual care groups

	Baseline	Post-intervention		3-month follow-up		Between-group difference post-intervention
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	P value^a	Mean (SD)	P value^b	Mean (95% CI)	P value^c
Physical well-being
Exercise	19.2 (3.1)	23.2 (3.0)	< 0.001	23.1 (3.2)	< 0.001	3.9 (7.2 to 1.7)	0.003
Usual care	19.1 (3.4)	19.1 (3.5)	0.74	–	–	3.9 (7.2 to 1.7)	0.003
Social well-being
Exercise	19.7 (3.0)	23.0 (3.2)	< 0.001	23.0 (3.0)	< 0.001	3.3 (6.9 to 1.1)	0.005
Usual care	19.6 (3.1)	19.5 (3.0)	0.81	–	–	3.3 (6.9 to 1.1)	0.005
Emotional well-being
Exercise	18.4 (2.6)	20.1 (3.1)	0.01	20.1 (3.5)	0.01	1.7 (3.4 to 0.8)	0.01
Usual care	18.3 (2.5)	18.2 (2.7)	0.75	–	–	1.7 (3.4 to 0.8)	0.01
Functional well-being
Exercise	19.9 (3.4)	22.0 (3.2)	0.01	21.9 (3.1)	0.01	2.0 (4.2 to 0.6)	0.01
Usual care	20.0 (3.6)	19.9 (3.3)	0.83	–	–	2.0 (4.2 to 0.6)	0.01
Additional concerns
Exercise	21.1 (4.7)	24.7 (4.1)	0.002	24.0 (4.5)	0.001	3.6 (7.7 to 2.0)	0.002
Usual care	21.7 (4.4)	19.6 (10.4)	0.43	–	–	3.6 (7.7 to 2.0)	0.002
FACT-General
Exercise	77.2 (9.0)	88.3 (9.9)	< 0.001	88.1 (9.2)	< 0.001	11.1 (16.4 to 7.7)	< 0.001
Usual care	77.0 (9.1)	76.7 (9.0)	0.54	–	–	11.1 (16.4 to 7.7)	< 0.001
FACT-Breast
Exercise	98.3 (14.1)	113.0 (13.0)	< 0.001	112.1 (13.2)	< 0.001	14.7 (18.2 to 9.7)	< 0.001
Usual care	98.7 (14.4)	96.3 (14.5)	0.44	–	–	14.7 (18.2 to 9.7)	< 0.001
Trial outcome index
Exercise	60.2 (7.3)	69.9 (7.5)	< 0.001	69.0 (7.7)	< 0.001	8.8 (15.3 to 4.3)	< 0.001
Usual care	60.8 (7.5)	58.6 (7.4)	0.64	–	–	8.8 (15.3 to 4.3)	< 0.001

Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval, FACT Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy
^aP value for repeated measures ANOVA comparing changes in the exercise group from baseline to post-intervention, and in the usual care group from baseline to post-intervention
^bP value for repeated measures ANOVA comparing changes in the exercise group from baseline to 3-month follow-up
^cP value for mixed model analysis comparing changes between the exercise and usual care group from baseline to post-intervention

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