| |
Baseline
|
Post-intervention
|
3-month follow-up
|
Between-group difference post-intervention
|
|---|
|
Mean (SD)
|
Mean (SD)
|
P valuea
|
Mean (SD)
|
P valueb
|
Mean (95% CI)
|
P valuec
|
|---|
|
Estimated VO2max (mL/kg/min)
|
|
Exercise
|
23.3 (6.1)
|
35.1 (8.0)
|
< 0.001
|
32.1 (8.2)
|
< 0.001
|
11.8 (25.2 to 16.7)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Usual care
|
22.7 (6.4)
|
19.3 (8.5)
|
0.14
|
–
|
–
|
|
Resting heart rate (bpm)
|
|
Exercise
|
87.9 (8.0)
|
77.5 (8.5)
|
< 0.001
|
76.9 (8.9)
|
< 0.001
|
−15.4 (−18.1 to −11.7)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Usual care
|
87.7 (7.7)
|
88.1 (7.8)
|
0.67
|
–
|
–
|
|
Leg extension (kgs)
|
|
Exercise
|
45.4 (10.6)
|
75.7 (10.8)
|
< 0.001
|
77.4 (11.5)
|
< 0.001
|
30.4 (35.9 to 27.8)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Usual care
|
44.9 (9.1)
|
42.9 (9.0)
|
0.15
|
–
|
–
|
|
Leg flexion (kgs)
|
|
Exercise
|
39.5 (9.6)
|
63.6 (11.2)
|
< 0.001
|
62.4 (12.1)
|
< 0.001
|
24.0 (27.2 to 21.6)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Usual care
|
40.8 (10.1)
|
39.7 (10.6)
|
0.23
|
–
|
–
|
|
Latissimus pulldown (kgs)
|
|
Exercise
|
30.6 (4.7)
|
39.0 (6.1)
|
< 0.001
|
38.5 (6.5)
|
< 0.001
|
9.6 (11.7 to 6.1)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Usual care
|
30.3 (4.0)
|
29.6 (4.4)
|
0.27
|
–
|
–
|
|
Chest press (kgs)
|
|
Exercise
|
9.1 (2.3)
|
20.7 (4.5)
|
< 0.001
|
19.5 (4.0)
|
< 0.001
|
11.6 (15.9 to 7.7)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Usual care
|
9.2 (2.5)
|
8.7 (2.4)
|
0.40
|
–
|
–
|
- Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval, kgs kilograms
- aP value for repeated measures ANOVA comparing changes in the exercise group from baseline to post-intervention, and in the usual care group from baseline to post-intervention
- bP value for repeated measures ANOVA comparing changes in the exercise group from baseline to 3-month follow-up
- cP value for mixed model analysis comparing changes between the exercise and usual care group from baseline to post-intervention
