Fig. 4

The thoracic metastasis of MDA-MB-231-LN cell tumor was inhibited by the combination of maraviroc and tocilizumab. a Athymic nude mice (4–5 weeks, female, from Charles river) were pretreated with tumor-conditioned medium (50 ul) of MDA-MB-231-LN cells for 2 weeks before inoculation with MDA-MB-231-LN cells. After maraviroc and tocilizumab were administered for 5 weeks, the number of mice with thoracic metastasis was counted using the IVIS imager. The incidence of thoracic metastasis was significantly effective in the combination treatment compared to both single agents (P < 0.0325, Fisher’s exact test). b Representative thoracic metastasis in the control group and the group treated with a combination of maraviroc and tocilizumab as demonstrated by the IVIS imager. c Representative organ images of luciferase-mediated photon flux from lung, lymph node, liver, heart, spleen and brain. d Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues from the tumor in the control and the combination of maraviroc (Mara) and cMR16-1 groups were used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) with anti-cytokeratin antibodies on the lungs to indicate metastatic colonies. Low-power microscopes are at × 10 magnification (scale bar 200 um). High-power insets are × 40 magnification (50 um). e The IHC results were examined and quantified by ImageJ. f Representative immunofluorescence images of mouse CD31 in the lymph node and g quantification of results