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Table 2 NSAID use and risk of breast cancer overall and by subtype, California Teachers Study, 2005–2012

From: Regular and low-dose aspirin, other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and prospective risk of HER2-defined breast cancer: the California Teachers Study

   Breast cancera HR+/HER2–a HR+/HER2+b HR–/HER2−c HR–/HER2+d
Any NSAIDe
 No NSAID past 3 years Cases, n 514 349 35 55 17
HRR 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
 Former/irregular Cases, n 154 105 11 12 5
HRR 1.04 1.04 1.11 0.79 1.03
95% CI 0.86–1.24 0.83–1.29 0.56–2.20 0.42–1.48 0.38–2.81
 Current, 3+ tablets/week Cases, n 692 481 65 58 18
HRR 0.90 0.91 1.30 0.77 0.74
95% CI 0.80–1.01 0.79–1.05 0.86–1.98 0.53–1.12 0.38–1.45
 Unknown Cases, n 97 63 9 13 4
HRR 1.16 1.09 1.73 1.58 1.45
95% CI 0.93–1.44 0.83–1.43 0.83–3.61 0.86–2.90 0.48–4.37
Low-dose aspirin
 No NSAID past 3 yearse Cases, n 514 349 35 55 17
HRR 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
 No low-dose aspirin use but use of 1+ type(s) Cases, n 400 281 34 33 10
HRR 0.99 0.93 1.21 1.19 2.59
95% CI 0.82–1.19 0.75–1.17 0.64–2.29 0.63–2.25 0.75–8.94
 Former/irregular Cases, n 104 71 7 6 4
HRR 0.95 0.88 1.06 0.70 1.55
95% CI 0.75–1.19 0.67–1.16 0.45–2.50 0.29–1.67 0.48–4.99
 Current, 3+ tablets/week Cases, n 338 230 33 31 10
HRR 0.84 0.80 1.37 0.96 1.06
95% CI 0.72–0.98 0.66–0.96 0.81–2.32 0.59–1.55 0.46–2.45
 Unknown Cases, n 101 67 11 13 3
HRR 0.84 0.73 2.12 1.61 0.93
95% CI 0.62–1.14 0.50–1.07 0.84–5.34 0.68–3.79 0.19–4.68
Regular-dose aspirin
 No NSAID past 3 yearse Cases, n 514 349 35 55 17
HRR 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
 No regular-dose aspirin use but use of 1+ type(s) Cases, n 587 395 53 51 19
HRR 0.96 0.90 1.35 1.19 2.10
95% CI 0.80–1.16 0.72–1.12 0.72–2.51 0.64–2.22 0.65–6.82
 Former/irregular Cases, n 73 59 4 4 1
HRR 1.12 1.27 1.03 1.03 0.96
95% CI 0.84–1.50 0.91–1.77 0.32–3.31 0.34–3.13 0.11–8.30
 Current, 3+ tablets/week Cases, n 170 119 18 14 3
HRR 0.97 0.95 1.68 1.02 0.84
95% CI 0.80–1.18 0.75–1.20 0.90–3.17 0.54–1.93 0.24–3.03
 Unknown Cases, n 113 76 10 14 4
HRR 1.13 1.04 1.70 2.21 2.35
95% CI 0.83–1.54 0.72–1.52 0.60–4.81 0.91–5.37 0.29–18.94
Ibuprofen
 No NSAID past 3 yearse Cases, n 514 349 35 55 17
HRR 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
 No ibuprofen use but use of 1+ type(s) Cases, n 472 317 43 44 19
HRR 0.96 0.92 1.14 1.19 2.22
95% CI 0.80–1.15 0.74–1.15 0.61–2.14 0.64–2.23 0.69–7.16
 Former/irregular Cases, n 93 68 9 5 0
HRR 0.95 1.00 1.29 0.65  
95% CI 0.74–1.23 0.74–1.35 0.56–2.97 0.24–1.76  
 Current, 3+ tablets/week Cases, n 263 190 20 20 4
HRR 1.04 1.09 1.00 0.90 0.66
95% CI 0.88–1.23 0.90–1.34 0.54–1.84 0.51–1.58 0.21–2.10
 Unknown Cases, n 115 74 13 14 4
HRR 1.30 1.12 2.59 1.97 1.18
95% CI 0.99–1.70 0.79–1.56 1.16–5.79 0.90–4.31 0.19–7.46
Other non-steroidal
 No NSAID past 3 yearse Cases, n 514 349 35 55 17
HRR 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
 No other non-steroidal use but use of 1+ type(s) Cases, n 662 456 57 59 20
HRR 0.96 0.91 1.21 1.21 2.05
95% CI 0.80–1.15 0.73–1.13 0.65–2.25 0.65–2.26 0.63–6.63
 Former/irregular Cases, n 64 38 7 6 3
HRR 0.98 0.77 1.62 1.41 3.14
95% CI 0.72–1.33 0.52–1.13 0.62–4.20 0.54–3.64 0.78–12.72
 Current, 3+ tablets/week Cases, n 96 75 8 4 0
HRR 0.79 0.85 0.97 0.43  
95% CI 0.62–1.00 0.64–1.13 0.41–2.25 0.15–1.26  
 Unknown Cases, n 121 80 13 14 4
HRR 1.17 1.00 2.74 1.91 1.94
95% CI 0.86–1.58 0.69–1.45 1.09–6.87 0.79–4.62 0.38–9.87
Cox-2 inhibitor
 No NSAID past 3 yearse Cases, n 514 349 35 55 17
HRR 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
 No Cox-2 inhibitor use, but use of 1+ type(s) Cases, n 706 492 59 59 19
HRR 0.96 0.90 1.22 1.22 2.68
95% CI 0.80–1.15 0.72–1.12 0.66–2.27 0.66–2.28 0.78–9.17
 Former/irregular Cases, n 82 57 8 6 4
HRR 1.02 0.97 1.64 1.16 3.81
95% CI 0.78–1.34 0.70–1.34 0.68–3.97 0.46–2.96 1.07–13.57
 Current, 3+ tablets/week Cases, n 30 15 5 4 1
HRR 0.92 0.63 2.60 1.74 1.74
95% CI 0.63–1.34 0.37–1.07 0.97–7.00 0.61–4.99 0.22–13.66
 Unknown Cases, n 125 85 13 14 3
HRR 1.19 1.09 3.08 1.94 0.88
95% CI 0.88–1.61 0.75–1.58 1.21–7.88 0.79–4.75 0.15–5.22
  1. aCox regression models used age as the time metric, were stratified by age at the follow-up questionnaire, and were adjusted for age at menarche, parity and age at first full-term pregnancy, total months breastfeeding their offspring, history of a benign breast biopsy, family history of breast cancer (mother or sister), strenuous plus moderate physical activity, alcohol consumption, body mass index, menopausal status and hormone therapy use, and (except for “Any NSAID”) all of the other NSAIDS in the table (for each type: never past 3 years, former/irregular, current 3+ tablets/week, unknown). bCox regression models used age as the time metric, were stratified by age at the follow-up questionnaire, and were adjusted for parity and age at first full-term pregnancy, body mass index, and (except for “Any NSAID”) all of the other NSAIDS in the table. cCox regression models used age as the time metric, were stratified by age at the follow-up questionnaire, and were adjusted for race, alcohol consumption and its interaction with time-dependent age, and (except for “Any NSAID”) all of the other NSAIDS in the table. dCox regression models used age as the time metric, were stratified by age at the follow-up questionnaire, and were adjusted for total months breastfeeding their offspring, history of a benign breast biopsy, and (except for “Any NSAID”) all of the other NSAIDS in the table. eIncluded aspirin, low-dose aspirin, ibuprofen, Cox-2 inhibitor, and other NSAIDs currently used regularly (at least once a week) reported on the 10-year follow-up questionnaire. NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, HRR hazard rate ratio, CI confidence interval
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