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Table 4 Geometric means (pmol/L) and 95% CIs of serum estrogens/estrogen metabolites by waist-to-hip ratio in postmenopausal women not using menopausal hormone therapy in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study

From: Anthropometric measures and serum estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study

 

Model 1a

Model 1 + current BMIb

 

Geometric means (95% CI)

p-trendc

%Δd

p-diffe

Geometric means (95% CI)

p-trendc

%Δd

p-diffe

 

<0.76

0.76–0.82

≥0.83

   

<0.76

0.76–0.82

≥0.83

   

Median

0.74

0.79

0.87

   

0.74

0.79

0.87

   

n

229

340

383

   

229

340

383

   

Weighted n f

7616

10,905

12,199

   

7616

10,905

12,199

   

Estrone

286 (231–354)

290 (243–347)

348 (292–415)

0.003 g

21.7

0.07

345 (276–431)

320 (268–382)

327 (276–388)

0.80

−5.2

0.64

 Conjugated

216 (170–274)

229 (188–279)

271 (223–329)

0.002 g

25.5

0.06

265 (207–341)

255 (209–312)

253 (209–306)

0.77

−4.5

0.69

 Unconjugated

62.4 (53.6–72.5)

53.0 (46.4–60.6)

66.7 (58.7–75.8)

0.05

6.9

0.39

70.8 (61.1–82.0)

56.7 (49.9–64.4)

63.9 (56.6–72.2)

0.53

−9.7

0.19

Estradiol

50.2 (39.5–63.8)

53.1 (43.9–64.2)

62.5 (51.3–76.1)

0.01 g

24.5

0.04

59.0 (47.0–74.1)

57.8 (48.1–69.5)

59.2 (48.7–72.0)

0.98

0.3

0.98

 Conjugated

31.8 (24.7–40.9)

36.5 (30.0–44.6)

40.6 (32.8–50.3)

0.04

27.7

0.04

36.4 (28.5–46.5)

39.2 (32.3–47.7)

38.8 (31.4–48.1)

0.88

6.6

0.59

 Unconjugated

13.9 (10.7–18.2)

11.6 (9.20–14.5)

17.5 (14.3–21.4)

<0.001 h

25.9

0.04

18.5 (14.5–23.4)

13.4 (10.9–16.5)

15.9 (13.2–19.3)

0.89

−14.1

0.19

2-Hydroxyestrone

62.6 (52.1–75.1)

64.5 (55.7–74.7)

72.1 (62.2–83.7)

0.01 g

15.2

0.11

69.9 (57.9–84.4)

68.4 (58.9–79.3)

69.5 (59.8–80.8)

0.64

−0.6

0.95

2-Hydroxyestradiol

16.0 (13.4–19.1)

16.3 (14.1–18.9)

17.8 (15.3–20.6)

0.05

11.3

0.23

17.8 (14.8–21.3)

17.3 (14.9–20.0)

17.2 (14.8–20.0)

0.96

−3.4

0.71

2-Methoxyestrone

45.4 (39.0–52.7)

40.2 (35.5–45.7)

43.1 (38.1–48.7)

0.69

−5.1

0.51

49.3 (42.1–57.7)

42.0 (37.0–47.8)

41.9 (37.1–47.5)

0.18

−15.0

0.05

 Conjugated

32.0 (27.1–37.9)

30.3 (26.4–34.7)

31.1 (27.1–35.6)

0.64

−2.8

0.73

34.9 (29.3–41.5)

31.7 (27.6–36.3)

30.2 (26.4–34.7)

0.26

−13.5

0.12

 Unconjugated

12.4 (10.5–14.7)

9.21 (7.96–10.7)

10.9 (9.61–12.3)

1.00

−12.1

0.12

13.3 (11.2–15.8)

9.56 (8.24–11.1)

10.6 (9.38–12.0)

0.22

−20.3

0.01

2-Methoxyestradiol

13.3 (11.1–16.0)

12.7 (10.8–14.9)

14.0 (11.8–16.5)

0.04

5.3

0.62

15.0 (12.5–18.0)

13.5 (11.5–15.9)

13.4 (11.4–15.9)

0.98

−10.7

0.22

 Conjugated

10.4 (8.49–12.6)

10.2 (8.47–12.2)

11.2 (9.32–13.6)

0.02 g

7.7

0.39

11.7 (9.54–14.3)

10.8 (9.02–13.0)

10.8 (8.94–13.1)

0.70

−7.7

0.44

 Unconjugated

2.41 (2.01–2.89)

1.96 (1.69–2.27)

2.17 (1.88–2.50)

0.96

−10.0

0.20

2.69 (2.26–3.20)

2.07 (1.80–2.40)

2.10 (1.81–2.42)

0.06

−21.9

0.003

2-Hydroxyestrone-3-methyl ether

7.80 (6.62–9.19)

7.29 (6.40–8.31)

7.89 (6.96–8.95)

0.31

1.2

0.89

8.35 (7.01–9.94)

7.56 (6.60–8.65)

7.72 (6.79–8.77)

0.76

−7.5

0.36

4-Hydroxyestrone

7.66 (6.35–9.23)

7.79 (6.71–9.03)

8.82 (7.59–10.2)

0.01 g

15.1

0.13

8.57 (7.05–10.4)

8.26 (7.10–9.60)

8.50 (7.30–9.89)

0.48

−0.8

0.93

4-Methoxyestrone

4.60 (3.96–5.35)

4.01 (3.55–4.54)

4.46 (3.92–5.08)

0.56

−3.0

0.71

4.90 (4.19–5.73)

4.15 (3.66–4.71)

4.37 (3.84–4.98)

0.51

−10.8

0.17

4-Methoxyestradiol

1.95 (1.62–2.34)

1.74 (1.49–2.02)

1.95 (1.67–2.29)

0.22

0.0

0.97

2.14 (1.79–2.57)

1.82 (1.57–2.13)

1.89 (1.61–2.22)

0.74

−11.7

0.19

16α-Hydroxyestrone

31.2 (25.7–37.8)

32.0 (27.4–37.3)

36.0 (30.8–42.1)

0.01 g

15.4

0.13

35.0 (28.7–42.8)

34.0 (29.0–39.7)

34.7 (29.6–40.7)

0.60

−0.9

0.92

Estriol

130 (107–159)

133 (114–155)

156 (134–181)

0.005 g

20.0

0.07

148 (120–181)

142 (121–166)

149 (129–173)

0.46

0.7

0.90

 Conjugated

97.3 (78.1–121)

106 (89.8–126)

123 (105–146)

0.002 g

26.4

0.03

111 (89.0–140)

114 (96.2–136)

118 (99.8–139)

0.34

6.3

0.61

 Unconjugated

29.3 (24.8–34.7)

23.3 (20.3–26.8)

29.1 (25.5–33.1)

0.13

−0.7

0.92

32.7 (27.5–39.0)

24.7 (21.5–28.4)

28.0 (24.6–31.9)

0.67

−14.4

0.09

16-Ketoestradiol

33.5 (27.5–40.8)

33.6 (28.7–39.3)

38.5 (32.9–45.1)

0.01 g

14.9

0.16

37.6 (30.6–46.2)

35.7 (30.4–42.0)

37.1 (31.5–43.6)

0.53

−1.3

0.88

16-Epiestriol

14.4 (12.1–17.1)

14.8 (12.8–17.1)

16.7 (14.4–19.4)

0.02 g

16.0

0.07

16.1 (13.4–19.3)

15.7 (13.5–18.2)

16.1 (13.9–18.7)

0.93

0.0

0.99

17-Epiestriol

12.1 (10.2–14.4)

12.1 (10.5–13.9)

14.1 (12.2–16.3)

0.01 g

16.5

0.07

13.6 (11.4–16.2)

12.9 (11.1–14.9)

13.6 (11.8–15.7)

0.84

0.0

0.98

  1. aModel 1: adjusted for age at blood draw (<55, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, 75–79 years), blood draw year (1993–1996, 1997–1998), race (white, nonwhite), smoking status (never, former, current), time since menopause (<10 years, 10–19 years, ≥20 years, missing), moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (0, 0.1–9.9, ≥10 metabolic equivalents of task-h/week)
  2. bModel 1 + current body mass index (kg/m2, continuous)
  3. c p-trend was estimated using the Wald test for continuous waist-to-hip ratio
  4. d%Δ indicates the percentage change in estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels, comparing women with waist-to-hip ratio ≥0.83 vs. <0.76, and was estimated by taking the ratio of the geometric mean difference in estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels between women with waist-to-hip ratio ≥0.83 vs. <0.76 to the geometric mean of women with waist-to-hip ratio <0.76, multiplied by 100
  5. e p-diff was estimated using the Wald test and indicates a p value for comparing estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels of women with waist-to-hip ratio ≥0.83 vs. <0.76
  6. fWeighted n reflects weighted counts and refers to the study cohort
  7. gFalse discovery rate (FDR) q values <0.05 and ≥0.01
  8. hFDR q value <0.01
  9. Note: Italized p-values indicate nominal statistical significance at 0.05
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Breast Cancer Research

ISSN: 1465-542X

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