Fig. 5
From: Puberty-specific promotion of mammary tumorigenesis by a high animal fat diet
Effect of various diets on mammary glands at 13 weeks of age and before tumor development. a More hyperplastic lesions (hyperplasias) developed in HFD- and HFD-LFD-fed, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-treated mice. *p < 0.05. b Mice fed HFD or HFD-LFD exhibited increased cellular proliferation in both normal epithelium and hyperplastic lesions (hyperplasia) compared with those fed LFD or LFD-HFD, respectively, as measured by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation. *p < 0.05. c Macrophage (F4/80-stained cells) recruitment was increased adjacent to normal ducts and hyperplastic lesions (hyperplasia) (*p < 0.05) in mammary glands of HFD-, HFD-LFD-, and LFD-HFD-fed mice compared with those of LFD-fed mice. d Blood vessel density (CD31 staining) was significantly increased adjacent to normal mammary gland structures and hyperplastic lesions (hyperplasia) (*p < 0.05) in HFD-fed compared with LFD-, HFD-LFD-, or LFD-HFD-fed mice. Bars represent mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 5 mice per diet group for each assay). HFD high saturated animal fat diet, HFD-LFD mice on high saturated animal fat diet switched to low-fat diet, LFD low-fat diet, LFD-HFD mice on low-fat diet switched to high saturated animal fat diet