Ubiquitin-specific proteases as therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancer

Breast Cancer Research

Table 1 Ubiquitin-specific proteases overexpressed in breast cancer

Deubiquitinase	Upregulated/downregulated	Breast cancer context	Implicated signaling	References
USP9X	Upregulated	Human ductal carcinomas	TGFβ signaling	[23],[42],[43]
	Upregulated	Human breast cancer tissue as compared with the adjacent normal tissue
USP15	Upregulated	Tissue microarray of 23 breast tumors	TGFβ signaling	[21],[32]
USP32	Upregulated	Copy number alterations in ER + human breast tumors,
		50% (nine of 18) of breast cancer cell lines and 22% (nine of 41) of primary breast tumors compared with mammary epithelial cells.		[34],[35]
		USP32–CCDC49 expressed fusion gene in ER+, tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell line ZR-75-30
USP9y, USP10, USP25	Upregulated	Human breast cancer tissue as compared with the adjacent normal tissue		[42]
USP4	Upregulated	KD inhibits EMT, cell migration, invasion and metastasis in human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in zebrafish xenograft metastasis model	TGFβ signaling	[22]
USP11	Upregulated	KD inhibits TGFβ-induced EMT in normal mouse mammary epithelial cells (NMuMG)	TGFβ signaling	[20]

ER+, estrogen receptor-positive; EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; KD, knockdown; TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta; USP, ubiquitin-specific protease.

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