Figure 3
A schematic model of p21-activated kinase (PAK) action in the absence of estrogen in breast cancer cells. A simplified summary of the cellular events in which regulation of cancer-related events by PAKs has been implicated. Both the N-termini and C-termini of PAK can interact with various signaling components and thus promote specific changes required for cells to acquire a cancerous and metastatic phenotype. Broken lines, proposed regulation. ER, estrogen receptor; PKA, protein kinase A.