Table 1 The relative risk for breast cancer associated with testosterone levels in postmenopausal women: results from prospective studies

Wysowski, 1987 [12]

Washington County, MD, USA

36–90

39 Cases, 155 controls

Race, age, time since last menstrual period

Matching variables only

Garland, 1992 [13]

Rancho Bernardo, CA

50–79

15 Cases, 409 at risk

Age, BMI (tertiles), smoking at baseline(Y/N), other hormones⁴

Dorgan, 1996 [14]

Columbia, MO, USA

52–73

71 Cases, 133 controls

Exact age, date (± 1 year) and time of blood draw (± 2 hours)

Years since menopause, height, weight, parity, family history; matched analysis

Berrino,1996 [15]

Study of Hormones and Diet in the Etiology of BreastTumors, Italy

40–69

24 Cases,87 controls

Recruitment center, recruitment date, daylight saving period at time of recruitment, location of freezer storage (freezer and level)

Age at menarche, age at first childbirth, number of births, age at menopause, weight, height, BMI, waist:hip ratio, other hormones, matched analysis

Thomas, 1997 [16]

Guernsey, UK

Mean 59

61 Cases, 179 controls

Age (± 2 years), date of blood

Age at menarche, parity, number of years postmenopausal, BMI, estradiol and SHBG; matched analysis

Zeleniuch-Jocquotte, 1997 [17]

NYU Women's Health Study, USA

49–65

85 Cases, 163 controls

Age at enrolment (± 6 months), date of initial blood donation (± 3 months), menopausal status

BMI, age at menarche, parity, age at first full-term pregnancy, age at menopause, family history, history of benign breast condition, history of oophorectomy, lifetime months of lactation, smoking; matched analysis

Hankinson, 1998 [18]

Nurses Health Study, USA

46–69

147 Cases, 299 controls

Age (± 2 years), month of collection, time of day that blood was drawn (± 2 hours), fasting status

BMI (at age 18, quartiles), family history, age at menarche(quartiles), parity/age at 1st birth, age at menopause(quartiles); matched analysis

Cauley, 1999 [9]

Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, USA

65–75

97 Cases, 250 controls

Age, BMI, age at menarche, first birth, and menopause, surgical menopause (Y/N), nulliparity (Y/N), family history, past estrogen use (Y/N)⁴, walking for exercise (Y/N), alcohol consumption(g/d quintiles)