Risk factors for breast cancer in postmenopausal Caucasian and Chinese-Canadian women

Breast Cancer Research

Table 5 Dietary acculturation by study group

	Caucasians	Chinese born in the West or migrated to the West before 21	Recent Chinese migrants	P ^a
				P ^b	P ^c	P ^d	P ^e
	(N = 379)	(N = 152)	(N = 374)
Chinese dietary practices (% yes)
Eat tofu	20.8	89.5	95.7
Eat traditionally preserved/pickled vegetables	40.1	49.3	56.7
Balance yin/yang foods	7.1	23.7	33.2
Avoid cold foods and drinks	11.9	29.0	44.7
Eat a Chinese style breakfast (for example,. congee)	5.0	46.1	65.5
Chinese Dietary Acculturation Score^f	0.09 (0.08, 0.12)	0.42 (0.37, 0.47)	0.56 (0.53, 0.60)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
[Adjusted Mean (95% Confidence Limits)]
Western dietary practices (% yes)
Eat bread, rolls, or bagels	96.6	94.1	94.9
Drink carbonated beverages	63.9	50.0	27.0
Eat ground beef or hamburgers	77.6	59.9	30.5
Eat pizza or spaghetti with tomato sauce	89.2	79.6	52.7
Eat any kind of cheese	97.1	80.3	49.7
Drink milk or eat milk products	94.5	87.5	89.6
Eat cakes, pies, or cookies for dessert	92.7	94.7	80.0
Eat packaged or prepared foods (for example, TV dinners)	42.5	50.0	40.1
Eat at Western fast food restaurants	40.9	50.0	33.2
Eat between meals	81.3	90.1	80.9
Western Dietary Acculturation Score^g	0.80 (0.78, 0.81)	0.77 (0.74, 0.79)	0.64 (0.61, 0.66)	<0.001	0.10	<0.001	<0.001
[Adjusted Mean (95% Confidence Limits)]

^a P values were based on ANCOVA, adjusting for age, education, and age × ethnicity. Pairwise comparisons were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni method.
^b P values for ethnicity effect
^c P values for comparing Caucasians and Chinese born in the West or migrated to the West before age 21
^d P values for comparing Caucasians and recent Chinese migrants
^e P values for comparing Chinese born in the West or migrated to the West before age 21 and recent Chinese migrants
^f Square-root transformed. The scores ranged from 0 to 1. A high score indicates positive association with Chinese dietary practices.
^g Cube transformed. The scores ranged from 0 to 1. A high score indicates positive association with Western dietary practices.

ISSN: 1465-542X