Metabolic syndrome, hyperinsulinaemia and body mass index as risk factors in breast cancer: National Cancer Institute of Naples experience

Objective

Metabolic syndrome appears to be connected to the onset of breast cancer through two pathways: obesity determines a high concentration of aromatase; and also insulin resistance, the related hyperinsulinaemia and high levels of IGF-1 (which rules as a growth factor like gonadotropic factor creating a hyperoestrogenic state). The goal we aim to reach is to identify a group at higher risk of developing breast cancer and to provide them with lifestyle models in order to support primary prevention and to assist the lead time in breast cancer detection.

Methods

We set up a project stratifying women ≥ 35 years old into three groups: women with borderline lesions and/or with familiarity; women with breast cancer; and healthy women without any breast pathology. Each woman, after consent, completed a questionnaire about personal and familial anamnesis and physical activity. For each woman, blood pressure, body mass index and waist–hip ratio were measured. Blood samples were taken in order to determine glycaemia, cholesterolaemia, triglyceride, and insulinaemia. Clinical–instrumental management was performed.

Results

Two hundred and fifty women have been enrolled, stratified and studied, as described previously, and we are evaluating whether they are affected by metabolic syndrome and how it impacts on the onset of breast cancer.

Conclusion

Metabolic syndrome can be considered an important risk factor in developing breast cancer. Weight control, reduction of insulin seric levels and a correct lifestyle should be praised as efficient instruments to prevent breast carcinoma.