Mammographic density. Potential mechanisms of breast cancer risk associated with mammographic density: hypotheses based on epidemiological evidence

Martin, Lisa J; Boyd, Norman F

doi:10.1186/bcr1831

Table 1 Studies of steroid sex hormones, SHBG, and mammographic density

From: Mammographic density. Potential mechanisms of breast cancer risk associated with mammographic density: hypotheses based on epidemiological evidence

			Direction of association [ref.]
Hormone	Number of studies^a	Menopausal status	Positive	None	Inverse
Estrone	7	Premenopausal		Noh et al. [26]
		Postmenopausal	Bremnes et al. [32], Greendale et al. [33]	Tamimi et al. [27]², Aiello et al. [28]^b, Warren et al. [29], Verheus et al. [30]²	Aiello et al. [28]^c
Estradiol	8	Premenopausal		Noh et al. [26]¹, Boyd et al. [31]
		Postmenopausal	Greendale et al. [33]	Tamimi et al. [27]², Aiello et al. [28]^b, Warren et al. [29], Verheus et al. [30]², Boyd et al. [31], Bremnes et al. [32]	Aiello et al. [28]^c
Free estradiol	8	Premenopausal		Noh et al. [26], Boyd et al. [31]
		Postmenopausal	Greendale et al. [33]	Tamimi et al. [27]², Aiello et al. [28]^b, Warren et al. [29], Verheus et al. [30]², Bremnes et al. [32]	Aiello et al. [28]^c, Boyd et al. [31]
Progesterone	5	Premenopausal		Noh et al. [26]¹, Boyd et al. [31]¹
		Postmenopausal		Tamimi et al. [27], Warren et al. [29], Boyd et al. [31], Greendale et al. [33]
SHBG	8	Premenopausal		Noh et al. [26]¹, Boyd et al. [31]¹
		Postmenopausal	Boyd et al. [31], Bremnes et al. [32]	Tamimi et al. [27]¹, Aiello et al. [28]^b,c, Warren et al. [29], Verheus et al. [30]¹, Greendale et al. [33]¹
Testosterone	6	Premenopausal		NA
		Postmenopausal		Tamimi et al. [27], Aiello et al. [28]^b, Warren et al. [29], Verheus et al. [30]², Bremnes et al. [32], Greendale et al. [33]	Aiello et al. [28]^c
Androstenedione	5	Premenopausal		NA
		Postmenopausal		Tamimi et al. [27], Aiello et al. [28]^b, Warren et al. [29], Verheus et al. [30], Bremnes et al. [32]	Aiello et al. [37]^c

Associations shown are for percentage density. Associations were classified as positive, none, or inverse according to the direction of effect and the statistical significance of the values after adjustment for other factors, using a criterion of P < 0.05. Several associations were statistically significant before adjustment for other factors and these are indicated as follows: ¹positive association before adjustment and ²inverse association before adjustment. ^aSome studies included both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. ^bResults for never users of hormones. ^cResults for users of hormones. SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; NA, not assessed.

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ISSN: 1465-542X

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