Figure 4
PPARγ inhibition and palmitate treatment result in increased ROS. (a) BT474, MDA-MB-361, MCF-7, and human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) cells were treated with 500 or 750 μmol/l palmitate, 20 μmol/l GW9662, or 500 μmol/l palmitate plus 20 μmol/l GW9662 for 72 hours and stained with hydroethidine (HE) for detection of O2- species. Hoechst 33243 was used for nuclear staining. (b) Quantification of HE signal of BT474, MDA-MB-361, MCF-7, and HMEC cells treated with 250, 500 and 750 μmol/l palmitate for 72 hours. Error bars indicate the standard deviation from three individual experiments. (c) Quantification of HE signal of BT474, MDA-MB-361, MCF-7, and HMEC cells treated with 500 μmol/l palmitate and/or 20 μmol/l GW9662 for 72 hours. Error bars indicate the standard deviation from three individual experiments. ***P < 0.02, **P = 0.05. PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; ROS, reactive oxygen species.