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Table 4 Associations of NO2 and NOx with breast cancer risk (Hazard Ratios [HR] and 95% Confidence Intervals [95% CI])

From: Association of air pollution with postmenopausal breast cancer risk in UK Biobank

Year

Air pollution measure

Analyses without exposure lag

Analyses with 2-year exposure lag

N with/without breast cancer

HR (95% CI)a

N with/without breast cancer

HR (95% CI)a

2005

NO2

    

per 5 µg/m3

6130/148,647

1.00 (0.99, 1.02)

6129/148,643

1.00 (0.99, 1.02)

per 10 µg/m3

6130/148,647

1.01 (0.98, 1.03)

6129/148,643

1.01 (0.98, 1.03)

Q1: ≤ 22.87 (19.46)

1546/37,177

1.00

1546/37,177

1.00

Q2: > 22.87 to ≤ 28.04 (25.57)

1547/37,145

1.00 (0.93, 1.07)

1547/37,145

1.00 (0.93, 1.07)

Q3: > 28.04 to ≤ 34.33 (30.79)

1481/37,184

0.96 (0.89, 1.03)

1481/37,184

0.96 (0.89, 1.03)

Q4: > 34.33 (38.89)

1556/37,141

1.04 (0.97, 1.12)

1556/37,141

1.04 (0.97, 1.12)

p for trend

6130/148,647

0.390

6129/148,643

0.402

2006

NO2

    

per 5 µg/m3

6130/148,647

1.00 (0.99, 1.02)

6106/148,624

1.00 (0.99, 1.02)

per 10 µg/m3

6130/148,647

1.00 (0.97, 1.03)

6106/148,624

1.00 (0.97, 1.03)

Q1: ≤ 22.60 (19.23)

1555/37,173

1.00

1547/37,167

1.00

Q2: > 22.60 to ≤ 27.60 (25.21)

1567/37,058

1.01 (0.94, 1.08)

1563/37,053

1.01 (0.94, 1.09)

Q3: > 27.60 to ≤ 32.97 (29.95)

1458/37,251

0.94 (0.87, 1.01)

1452/37,247

0.94 (0.88, 1.01)

Q4: > 32.97 (38.17)

1550/37,165

1.02 (0.95, 1.09)

1544/37,157

1.02 (0.95, 1.10)

p for trend

6130/148,647

0.930

6106/148,624

0.905

2007

NO2

    

per 5 µg/m3

6129/148,643

1.00 (0.99, 1.017)

5944/148,409

1.01 (0.99, 1.02)

per 10 µg/m3

6129/148,643

1.01 (0.98, 1.03)

5944/148,409

1.01 (0.99, 1.04)

Q1: ≤ 23.40 (19.93)

1548/37,124

1.00

1510/37,062

1.00

Q2: > 23.40 to ≤ 28.58 (26.16)

1520/37,177

0.98 (0.91, 1.05)

1469/37,110

0.97 (0.90, 1.04)

Q3: > 28.58 to ≤ 34.59 (31.26)

1496/37,217

0.97 (0.90, 1.04)

1440/37,157

0.95 (0.89, 1.02)

Q4: > 34.33 (41.77)

1565/37,125

1.04 (0.97, 1.12)

1525/37,080

1.04 (0.97, 1.12)

p for trend

6129/148,643

0.256

5944/148,409

0.256

2010

NO2

    

per 5 µg/m3

5552/147,767

0.99 (0.97, 1.01)

4430/146,072

0.99 (0.97, 1.01)

per 10 µg/m3

5552/147,767

0.98 (0.95, 1.02)

4430/146,072

0.98 (0.94, 1.02)

Q1: ≤ 21.24 (17.90)

1457/36,885

1.00

1165/36,430

1.00

Q2: > 21.24 to ≤ 25.95 (23.71)

1374/36,995

0.94 (0.88, 1.02)

1090/36,550

0.94 (0.86, 1.02)

Q3: > 25.95 to ≤ 30.91 (28.35)

1326/36,951

0.91 (0.85, 0.99)

1047/36,650

0.90 (0.83, 0.98)

Q4: > 30.91 (34.40)

1395/36,936

0.96 (0.89, 1.04)

1128/36,542

0.97 (0.89, 1.05)

p for trend

5552/147,767

0.190

4430/146,072

0.308

NOx

    

per 5 µg/m3

5552/147,767

1.00 (0.99, 1.00)

4430/146,072

0.99 (0.98, 1.00)

per 10 µg/m3

5552/147,767

0.99 (0.97, 1.01)

4430/146,072

0.99 (0.97, 1.01)

Q1: ≤ 33.98 (27.90)

1430/36,917

1.00

1582/37,127

1.00

Q2: > 33.98 to ≤ 41.95 (38.23)

1397/36,942

0.98 (0.91, 1.05)

1541/37,148

0.97 (0.89, 1.05)

Q3: > 41.95 to ≤ 50.17 (45.69)

1394/36,921

0.98 (0.91, 1.05)

1535/37,147

0.97 (0.89, 1.06)

Q4: > 50.17 (57.73)

1331/36,987

0.93 (0.86, 1.01)

1472/37,225

0.94 (0.86, 1.02)

p for trend

5552/147,767

0.075

4430/146,072

0.167

Cumulative average NO2

 

per 5 µg/m3

6130/148,647

1.00 (0.99, 1.02)

4823/146,718

1.00 (0.99, 1.02)

 

per 10 µg/m3

6130/148,647

1.00 (0.97, 1.03)

4823/146,718

1.01 (0.97, 1.04)

 

Q1: ≤ 22.67 (19.32)

1543/37,164

1.00

1213/36,645

1.00

 

Q2: > 22.67 to ≤ 27.64 (25.31)

1557/37,128

1.00 (0.93, 1.08)

1225/36,644

1.01 (0.93, 1.10)

 

Q3: > 27.64 to ≤ 33.26 (30.14)

1470/37,230

0.93 (0.86, 1.00)

1135/36,747

0.94 (0.87, 1.02)

 

Q4: > 33.26 (38.33)

1560/37,125

1.03 (0.96, 1.11)

1250/36,682

1.03 (0.95, 1.12)

 

p for trend

6130/148,647

0.659

4823/146,718

0.683

  1. NO2, nitrogen dioxide; NOx, Nitrogen oxide; PM10, particulate matter ≤ 10 µm in diameter; PM2.5, particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in diameter; PM2.5 absorbance, particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in diameter absorbance; PM coarse 2.5–10, particulate matter between 2.5 and 10 µm in diameter Q1, 1st quartile; Q2, 2nd quartile; Q3, 3rd quartile; Q4, 4th quartile
  2. aAdjusted for age, body mass index, race, age at menopause, age at menarche, parity/age at first birth, postmenopausal hormone use, family history of breast cancer, alcohol consumption, and smoking
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Breast Cancer Research

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