Childhood body size and pubertal timing in relation to adult mammographic density phenotype

Schoemaker, Minouk J.; Jones, Michael E.; Allen, Steven; Hoare, Jean; Ashworth, Alan; Dowsett, Mitch; Swerdlow, Anthony J.

doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0804-y

Breast Cancer Research

Table 3 Difference in adult mammographic density parameters across categories of height compared with peers at ages 7 and 11 years

From: Childhood body size and pubertal timing in relation to adult mammographic density phenotype

		Mammographic density parameters
			Absolute area
		Percent density difference,	Dense area	Non-dense area
Height and age	Category	percentage points (95% CI)^a	difference, cm² (95% CI)^a	difference, cm² (95% CI)^a
Height relative to peers, age 7 years
A:	Shorter	3.7 (0.9, 6.7)	3.7 (0.4, 7.2)	-10.7 (-18.5, -2.7)
	About the same	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	Taller	0.0 (-2.5, 2.6)	1.2 (-1.9, 4.4)	2.5 (-5.4, 10.8)
	P trend^b	0.027	0.23	0.006
B: +BMI-adjusted	Shorter	2.8 (0.2, 5.5)	3.1 (-0.1, 6.5)	-7.7 (-13.9, -1.3)
	About the same	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	Taller	-0.8 (-3.1, 1.6)	0.5 (-2.5, 3.6)	5.6 (-0.7, 12.1)
	P trend^b	0.016	0.19	<0.001
C: +weight age 11 years	Shorter	1.9 (-0.7, 4.6)	1.8 (-1.4, 5.2)	-6.9 (-13.2, -0.3)
	About the same	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	Taller	-0.3 (-2.6, 2.1)	1.2 (-1.8, 4.3)	4.9 (-1.5, 11.4)
	P trend^b	0.16	0.79	0.002
Height relative to peers, age 11 years
A:	Shorter	3.0 (0.2, 5.9)	3.3 (0.1, 6.7)	-7.8 (-15.5, 0.3)
	About the same	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	Taller	0.6 (-1.9, 3.2)	1.6 (-1.4, 4.7)	1.7 (-6.0, 9.6)
	P trend^b	0.14	0.41	0.036
B: +BMI-adjusted	Shorter	2.3 (-0.2, 4.9)	2.9 (-0.3, 6.3)	-5.0 (-11.2, 1.3)
	About the same	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	Taller	-0.3 (-2.5, 2.1)	1.0 (-2.0, 4.0)	5.6 (-0.5, 11.9)
	P trend^b	0.065	0.30	0.002
C: +weight age 11 years	Shorter	1.5 (-1.0, 4.1)	1.9 (-1.3, 5.2)	-4.3 (-10.6, 2.2)
	About the same	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)	0.0 (baseline)
	Taller	0.3 (-2.0, 2.7)	1.7 (-1.3, 4.8)	4.9 (-1.3, 11.2)
	P trend^b	0.40	0.99	0.010

^aDifferences derived with respect to reference levels: 25% for percentage density, 30 cm² for dense area and 110 cm² for non-dense area. Models defined as A: analyses adjusted for age at mammogram (47–50, 50–54, 55–59 (baseline), 60–64, 65–69, 70–73 years), duration of oral contraception use (never (baseline), <5, 10–14, ≥15 years, not known), postmenopausal hormone treatment (never (baseline), former, current/<5, current/5–9, current/≥10 years duration), menopausal status and time since menopause (<5 (baseline), 10–14, 15–19, ≥20, unknown years postmenopausal, not postmenopausal), age at first birth and parity (nulliparous, 10–24 years/1–2, 10–24 years/≥3, 25–29 years/1–2 (baseline), 25–29 years/≥3, 30 years/≥1), alcohol units (none (baseline), 1–4 to ≥25, in 5-unit increments), physical activity (<31 (baseline), 32–55, 56–88, ≥88 metabolic energy equivalents/h/week); B: adjusted for covariates in model A plus body mass index (BMI) (<20.0 (baseline) to >35.0, in 2.5 kg/m² increments); C: adjusted for covariates in model B plus weight compared with peers at age 11 years (thinner (baseline), about the same, heavier, unknown). ^b P trend for linear regression fitted through categories of exposure. Increase or decrease in category of height compared with peers between ages 7 and 11 years
The p-values in bold are those with p<0.05

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