MDM2-mutant mice | Phenotype (major features) | p53-null background | E6-AP-null background | E6-AP-transgenic background | Hypothetical MDM2 pathway | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MDM2 null | Not viable | Viable | NR | NR | p53 dependent | [42] |
MDM2 transgenic | In comparison with p53-/-: Slow rate of tumorigenesis | Increased rate of tumorigenesis | NR | NR | p53-independent | [43] |
Increased number of sarcomas | No changes* | |||||
MDM2 transgenic (mammary gland) | Atrophic/dysplastic phenotype of mammary gland | No changes* | No changes* | No changes* | p53/E6-AP independent | |
Ductal carcinoma (long latency) | NR | NR | NR | |||
MDM2 transgenic (basal layer epidermidis) | Scaly skin with increased thickness of epidermidis | NR | NR | NR | p53 dependent | [46] |
Altered K14 and K6 expression | Normal K14 and K6 expression | |||||
Increased Ki67 and TUNEL+ cells | Normal Ki67 and TUNEL stains | |||||
Epidermal hyperplasia dysplasia and cancer (long latency) | NR |