| Caucasian women (n = 152) | Afro-Caribbean women (n = 118) |
---|---|---|
Lifestyle breast cancer risk factorsa | Â | Â |
   Age at mammography (years) | 57.8 (3.3) | 58.1 (3.6) |
   Age arrived in UK (years) | - | 20.9 (9.0) |
   Age at menarche (years) | 12.7 (1.5) | 13.5 (2.0) |
   Percentage nulliparous | 22.2 | 6.0 |
   Age at first birth (years) | 24.4 (5.8) | 22.2 (5.2) |
   Age at menopause (years) | 50.1 (4.8) | 48.3 (5.4) |
   Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.2 (5.4) | 29.4 (5.4) |
   Percentage previous hormone therapy use (ever) | 35.5 | 24.6 |
   Percentage previous oral contraceptive use (ever) | 72.2 | 40.4 |
   Percentage alcohol drinkers | 86.1 | 57.4 |
   Percentage current smokers | 13.3 | 4.3 |
   Percentage family history of breast cancer | 17.8 | 11.9 |
Mammographic measuresb | Â | Â |
   Mammographic density (%) | 16.2 (8.9 to 24.5) | 8.3 (4.3 to 19.8) |
   Dense area (cm2) | 21.2 (11.9 to 35.7) | 17.3 (8.4 to 31.3) |
   Nondense area (cm2) | 116.9 (86.7 to 160.0) | 167.9 (115.3 to 235.9) |
   Total breast area (cm2) | 141.5 (108.1 to 193.3) | 195.2 (140.2 to 261.5) |
Plasma biomarkersc | Â | Â |
   Leptin (ng/ml) | 12.3 (11.1, 13.5)d | 19.1 (17.5, 20.7)c |
   Oestradiol (pmol/l) | 21.7 (19.6, 23.9) | 29.0 (25.6, 32.9) |
   Free oestradiol (pmol/l) | 0.31 (0.27, 0.34) | 0.44 (0.38, 0.50) |
   Oestrone (pmol/l) | 72.9 (68.0, 78.2) | 82.2 (74.9, 90.3) |
   Sex hormone binding globulin (nmol/l) | 49.2 (46.1, 52.4) | 42.5 (39.1, 46.2) |
   Testosterone (nmol/l) | 0.95 (0.86, 1.05) | 0.89 (0.78, 1.02) |
   Prolactin (mIU/l) | 192 (177, 209) | 193 (174, 213) |
   IGF-I (ng/ml) | 144 (137, 152) | 157 (146, 168) |
   IGF-I:IGFBP3 molar ratio | 0.175 (0.166, 0.184) | 0.199 (0.187, 0.213) |
   IGF-II (ng/ml) | 896 (857, 938) | 742 (698, 789) |
   IGF-II:IGFBP3 molar ratio | 1.09 (1.04, 1.13) | 0.94 (0.89, 1.00) |
   IGFBP3 (ng/ml) | 4286 (4125, 4452) | 4097 (3920, 4282) |