Table 2 Characteristics of included studies on BRCA in retrospective studies
From: Modifiable risk factors in women at high risk of breast cancer: a systematic review
Author | Sample size | Alcohol | Smoking | MHT/HC | BMI/Weight | Physical activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dennis et al. [6] | 2960 (1480 cases) BRCA1 890 (445 cases) BRCA2 | ✓− 0.82 (0.70–0.96) (current, BRCA1) 0.64 (0.47–0.87) (wine, BRCA1) | ||||
Ghadiriani et al. [25] | 1612 (806 cases) BRCA1 582,291 (291,582 cases) BRCA2 | ✓ | ||||
McGuire et al. [7] | 497 (195 cases) BRCA1 307 (128 cases) BRCA2 | ✓− 0.66 (0.45–0.97) (ever, BRCA2) | ||||
Kotsopoulos et al. [44] | 864 (432 cases) BRCA1 | ✓ + − 1.18 (1.03–1.36) (HC, ever, BRCA1) 1.22 (1.04–1.49) (HC, > 5y, BRCA1) 1.45 (1.20–1.75) (HC, early use, BRCA1) 0.80 (0.66–0.97) (HC, current, BRCA1) | ||||
Lee et al. [45] | 538 (94 cases) BRCA1/2 | ✓ | ||||
Park et al. [46] | 222 (168 cases) BRCA1 359 (250 cases) BRCA2 | ✓ | ||||
Toss et al. [47] | 113 (45 cases) BRCA1/2 | ✓ | ||||
Eisen et al. [48] | 472 (236 cases) BRCA1 | ✓ + − 0.58, (0.35–0.96) (MHT, ever, BRCA1) 0.51 (0.27–0.98) (MHT, type, BRCA1) | ||||
Gronwald et al. [27] | 696 (348 cases) BRCA1 | ✓ | ✓ | |||
Haile et al. [49] | 497 (195 cases) BRCA1 307 (128 cases) BRCA2 | ✓ + − 2.20 (1.26–3.85) (HC, age at first use, BRCA2) 3.46 (2.10–5.70) (HC, before pregnancy, BRCA2) 0.63 (0.42–0.95) (HC, past use, BRCA1) 0.42 (0.20–0.85) (HC, age at first use, BRCA1) | ||||
Heimdal et al. [50] | 98 (27 cases) BRCA1 | ✓ | ||||
Brunet et al. [26] | 286 (143 cases) BRCA1 86 (43 cases) BRCA2 | ✓− 0.49 (0.28–0.85) (pack years, BRCA1/2) | ✓ | |||
Ginsburg et al. [23] | 3840 (1920 cases) BRCA1 1236 (618 cases) BRCA2 | ✓ + − 1.27 (1.06–1.50) (ever, BRCA1) 0.71 (0.5–1.0) (current, BRCA2) | ||||
Grill et al. [9] | 68 (46 cases) BRCA1/2 | ✓ | ✓− | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ +  |
Kotsopoulos et al. [51] | 1594 (797 cases) BRCA1 556 (278 cases) BRCA2 | ✓− 0.66 (0.46–0.93) (loss, BRCA1/2) | ||||
Lammert et al. [52] | 686 (343 cases) BRCA1 200 (100) BRCA2 | ✓ +  1.72 (1, 08, 2.70) (current, PRM) | ✓ | |||
Manders et al. [53] | 861 (170 cases) BRCA1 265 (48 cases) BRCA2 | ✓ +  2.10 (1.23–3.59) (weight, POM) | ||||
Nkondjock et al. [10] | 137 (89 cases) BRCA1/2 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ +  4.64 (1.52–14.12) (gain) | ✓ | |
Whittemore et al. [24] | 497 (195 cases) BRCA1 307 (128 cases) BRCA2 | ✓ +  2.08 (1.41–3.06) (current, BRCA1/2) | ||||
Narod et al. [54] | 1962 (981 cases) BRCA1 660 (330 cases) BRCA2 | ✓ +  1.18 (1.01–1.38) (HC, ever BRCA1) 1.59 (1.30–1.94) (HC, time since use, BRCA1) 1.02 (1.00–1.03) (HC, duration, BRCA1) 1.42, (1.17–1.75) (HC, use before 1975, BRCA1) | ||||
Bernholtz et al. [55] | 776 (403 cases) BRCA1/2 | ✓ +  1.84 (1.47–2.31) (HC, ever, BRCA1/2) | ||||
Kotsopoulos et al. [56] | 4984 (2492 cases) BRCA1 | ✓ + − 1.18 (1.03–1.36) (HC, ever, BRCA1) 1.22 (1.04–1.49) (HC, duration, BRCA1) 0.80, 0.66–0.97) (HC, current BRCA1) | ||||
Grandi et al [57] | 113 BRCA1 or 2 36.9% of BRCA1 and 42.0% of BRCA2 carriers were cases | ✓ |