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Table 3 Hazard ratios (95% CI) for all-cause mortality based on the presence of multimorbidity in women with breast cancer in the SABCHO cohort using Cox proportional hazards models

From: Multimorbidity and overall survival among women with breast cancer: results from the South African Breast Cancer and HIV Outcomes Study

Chronic condition

Died

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

p-value for model 4

 

N = 1410 (row %)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

 

Obesity

745 (41.6)

0.89 (0.80–0.99)b

0.92 (0.83–1.03)

0.96 (0.87–1.07)

1.05 (0.94–1.17)

0.392

Hypertension

575 (43.3)

0.99 (0.89–1.10)

0.95 (0.84–1.07)

1.04 (0.92–1.18)

1.05 (0.93–1.19)

0.409

Diabetes

201 (48.0)

1.12 (0.96–1.30)

1.11 (0.95–1.29)

1.21 (1.03–1.42)a

1.20 (1.03–1.41)a

0.022

Cerebrovascular disease

104 (53.3)

1.30 (1.06–1.58)b

1.27 (1.04–1.56)a

1.47 (1.19–1.80)c

1.43 (1.17–1.76)b

0.001

Asthma/COPD

69 (47.9)

1.04 (0.82–1.33)

1.09 (0.86–1.39)

1.17 (0.91–1.50)

1.22 (0.95–1.56)

0.119

HIV

353 (48.6)

1.32 (1.17–1.49)c

1.44 (1.26–1.64)c

1.32 (1.16–1.51)c

1.21 (1.06–1.38)b

0.006

Tuberculosis

110 (51.2)

1.23 (1.01–1.50)b

1.28 (1.05–1.56)a

1.16 (0.95–1.42)

1.16 (0.95–1.42)

0.137

Obesity + hypertension

336 (41.7)

0.94 (0.83–1.06)

0.94 (0.83–1.07)

1.04 (0.91–1.80)

1.09 (0.96–1.24)

0.177

Obesity + HIV

150 (47.9)

1.20 (1.01–1.42)b

1.28 (1.07–1.52)b

1.25 (1.05–1.50)a

1.24 (1.04–1.48)a

0.017

Hypertension + Diabetes

161 (48.1)

1.10 (0.94–1.31)

1.08 (0.91–1.28)

1.19 (1.00–1.41)

1.18 (1.00–1.41)

0.054

HIV + Tuberculosis

62 (53.9)

1.39 (1.08–1.79)b

1.48 (1.46–1.92)b

1.23 (0.95–1.60)

1.23 (0.95–1.60)

0.124

Multimorbidity (≥ 2 chronic conditions)

667 (45.5)

1.12 (1.01–1.24)b

1.15 (1.03–1.28)a

1.19 (1.07–1.32)c

1.26 (1.13–1.40)c

 < 0.001

  1. COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). HR (Hazard ratio), CI (confidence interval)
  2. Each chronic condition, combinations of chronic conditions and multimorbidity were added as a separate binary indicator to each model unadjusted in model 1, adjusting for age categories (< 40, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, ≥ 70 years) in model 2, adjusted for age categories (< 40, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, ≥ 70 years), education, household socio-economic status, stage, receptor status, and hospital site in model 3, and in model 4 we adjusted for age categories (< 40, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, ≥ 70 years), education, household socio-economic status, stage, receptor status, hospital site, surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy
  3. a(significant at p < 0.05)
  4. b(significant at p < 0.01)
  5. c(significant at p < 0.001)