Table 3 Features of mammographic breast images used to assess breast texture features in addition to mammographic breast density and breast cancer risk for 5 studies using the contralateral breast (sorted by year)
References | Time from mammogram to cancer diagnosis | Side used | Density (BIRAD categories/continuous) | Number of texture features extracted (other than density) | Types of texture features extracted (list all) | Machine or human extraction | All texture features used in the model (yes/no) | How features for analysis are chosen |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ali et al. [26] | Less than 3Â years before diagnosis (and at latest, at date of diagnosis) | Contralateral for cases, random side chosen for controls | Cumulus and automated measure of area PD | 13 | Spatial organization of dense vs. fatty regions of the breast | Machine | Yes for AUC given, no for further analysis | Stepwise selection procedure |
Wang et al. [45] | Training study: diagnosed at the same time as mammogram. Validation study: average = 3.0 years | Training: contralateral for cases and the left for controls. Validation: contralateral for cases and the same side for controls | Volpara | 112 | Features based on a gray-level co-occurrence matrix, neighborhood gray-tone difference matrix, form and shape of breast boundary, run-length, and gray-level size zone matrix, and statistical moments of pixel values | Machine | No | Selected from training set using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator |
Perez-Benito [39] | NR | Contralateral | DMScan | 23 | Geometrical features and a global feature based on local histograms of oriented gradients | Machine | Yes | N/A |
NR | Contralateral for cases, right for controls | Cumulus-like approach | 37 | Parenchymal features including computational features and imaging parameters related to the mammographic system (compressed breast thickness, compression force, X-ray tube voltage peak and target–filter combination) | Machine | Yes | N/A | |
Tan et al. [44] | Within a year | Contralateral | Volpara | 944 | Gray-level co-occurrence matrix features, structural/pattern measures, gray-level intensity/histogram features, run-length features, and multiresolution/spectral features | Machine | No | Stepwise regression analysis |