Fig. 1

Up-regulation of NRAS expression levels correlates with progression to invasive breast cancer from DCIS. A Microarray data (GSE59248) from 46 DCIS and 56 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) samples were analyzed by the two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test. B SUM225 cells carrying either a vector control or an expression vector for NRAS (red dots) were fixed and probed by an NRAS-specific sequence and visualized using fluorescence microscopy. C The TMAs examined in this study have concurrent DCIS and IDC as assessed by H&E staining. D Representative images of NRAS mRNA FISH (red) on a patient tissue microarray with concurrent DCIS and IDC lesions. Nuclei were counterstained by DAPI (blue). E The RNA signals from panel-D and 21 additional samples like this were quantified and analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test (paired)