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Table 4 Geometric means (pmol/L) and 95% CIs of serum estrogens/estrogen metabolites by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) tertile in postmenopausal control women not using menopausal hormone therapy in the Ghana Breast Health Study

From: Measured body size and serum estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women: the Ghana Breast Health Study

 

Geometric mean (95% CI) (model 1)

p-trend

%Δ

 < 0.86

0.86–0.93

 > 0.93

N

180

176

182

  

Median BMI (kg/m2)

24.0

26.0

29.0

  

Estrone

265.63 (196.64–358.83)

280.96 (208.05–379.43)

332.58 (247.85–446.28)

0.03

25.2

 Unconjugated

59.62 (50.09–70.96)

57.50 (48.32–68.41)

65.72 (55.47–77.88)

0.18

10.2

 Conjugated

195.47 (136.03–280.86)

215.62 (149.69–310.61)

261.63 (183.72–372.58)

0.02

33.8

Estradiol

25.85 (19.75–33.82)

25.68 (19.62–33.60)

30.30 (23.19–39.59)

0.16

17.2

 Unconjugated

17.65 (13.75–22.66)

17.14 (13.38–21.96)

20.13 (15.63–25.92)

0.23

14

 Conjugated

4.11 (2.15–7.84)

4.49 (2.34–8.61)

5.05 (2.64–9.67)

0.28

23

2-Hydroxyestrone

55.59 (48.69–63.48)

50.51 (44.35–57.51)

54.15 (47.66–61.52)

0.66

− 2.6

2-Hydroxyestradiol

8.99 (6.59–12.27)

8.83 (6.53–11.96)

9.19 (6.83–12.37)

0.78

2.3

2-Methoxyestrone

22.16 (18.06–27.20)

21.67 (17.70–26.54)

21.32 (17.62–25.80)

0.58

− 3.8

 Unconjugated

9.79 (7.81–12.26)

8.36 (6.67–10.49)

8.25 (6.64–10.24)

0.03

− 15.7

 Conjugated

9.40 (7.00–12.63)

10.65 (7.98–14.20)

10.96 (8.44–14.23)

0.20

16.6

2-Methoxyestradiol

12.73 (9.96–16.28)

12.52 (9.72–16.12)

12.84 (10.02–16.46)

0.89

0.9

 Unconjugated

3.20 (2.57–3.98)

2.84 (2.28–3.53)

2.76 (2.22–3.43)

0.02

− 13.7

 Conjugated

7.85 (5.57–11.06)

8.42 (5.92–11.99)

8.98 (6.37–12.65)

0.18

14.3

2-Hydroxyestrone-3-methyl ether

3.66 (2.94–4.57)

3.64 (2.94–4.52)

3.76 (3.05–4.64)

0.72

2.6

4-Hydroxyestrone

7.04 (5.14–9.66)

7.27 (5.25–10.06)

7.35 (5.37–10.05)

0.61

4.3

4-Methoxyestrone

3.93 (3.15–4.90)

3.41 (2.75–4.22)

3.58 (2.90–4.43)

0.14

− 8.8

4-Methoxyestradiol

1.46 (1.18–1.80)

1.51 (1.22–1.87)

1.57 (1.28–1.93)

0.26

7.6

16α-Hydroxyestrone

31.89 (22.93–44.34)

32.62 (23.35–45.57)

42.96 (31.11–59.32)

0.003

34.7

Estriol

82.26 (66.81–101.28)

91.05 (74.10–111.88)

102.32 (83.39–125.56)

0.01

24.4

 Unconjugated

9.21 (8.28–10.25)

10.13 (9.01–11.39)

9.40 (8.47–10.43)

0.62

2

 Conjugated

71.43 (56.65–90.07)

77.59 (61.76–97.49)

90.38 (72.03–113.40)

0.01

26.5

16-Ketoestradiol

17.82 (14.10–22.51)

18.56 (14.71–23.41)

22.85 (18.09–28.86)

0.002

28.2

16-Epiestriol

17.45 (13.81–22.04)

17.79 (14.15–22.36)

19.87 (15.80–24.98)

0.08

13.9

17-Epiestriol

25.37 (19.23–33.49)

27.06 (20.42–35.87)

26.27 (19.89–34.70)

0.63

3.5

  1. Geometric means adjusted for age at blood draw (continuous), blood draw year (2013, 2014, 2015), smoking status (never, former, current, missing), diabetes (yes, no, missing), time since menopause (≤ 2, 3–5, 6–10, > 10, missing), ever used oral contraceptives (yes, no, missing)
  2. p-trend was estimated using the Wald test for ordinal WHR category
  3. %Δ indicates the percentage change in estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels, comparing women with highest WHR tertile to lowest WHR tertile, and was estimated by taking the ratio of the geometric mean difference in estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels between women with highest WHR tertile minus lowest WHR tertile to the geometric mean of women with lowest WHR tertile, multiplied by 100
  4. Bold p-values represent FDR ≤ 0.05
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Breast Cancer Research

ISSN: 1465-542X

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