Skip to main content

Table 3 Geometric means (pmol/L) and 95% CIs of serum estrogens/estrogen metabolites by current body size assessed using pictogram in postmenopausal control women not using menopausal hormone therapy in the Ghana Breast Health Study

From: Measured body size and serum estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women: the Ghana Breast Health Study

 

Geometric mean (95% CI)

p-trend

%Δ

p-diff

Slight

Average

Slightly heavy

Heavy

N

64

189

175

87

   

Median BMI (kg/m2)

22

25

29

31

   

Estrone

277.88 (168.63–457.91)

472.03 (299.00–745.19)

562.73 (351.76–900.24)

748.98 (449.60–1,247.71)

 < 0.0001

58.7

 < 0.0001

 Unconjugated

52.63 (40.17–68.96)

66.56 (52.15–84.95)

74.68 (57.90–96.31)

94.03 (70.48–125.45)

 < 0.0001

41.3

 < 0.0001

 Conjugated

189.16 (105.62–338.78)

397.12 (241.72–652.42)

474.59 (284.04–792.96)

637.85 (365.42–1,113.38)

 < 0.0001

60.6

 < 0.0001

Estradiol

28.47 (18.21–44.53)

41.16 (27.80–60.95)

49.45 (32.77–74.60)

66.41 (42.42–103.95)

 < 0.0001

61.3

 < 0.0001

 Unconjugated

19.55 (13.51–28.28)

30.52 (22.13–42.09)

33.98 (24.18–47.74)

47.33 (31.93–70.18)

 < 0.0001

55.1

 < 0.0001

 Conjugated

3.86 (1.59–9.38)

6.37 (2.83–14.32)

10.37 (4.54–23.68)

10.18 (4.16–24.94)

0.0001

59.8

0.0011

2-Hydroxyestrone

52.77 (45.52–61.18)

62.25 (55.20–70.19)

66.33 (57.88–76.03)

70.17 (58.93–83.57)

0.0008

12.7

0.0005

2-Hydroxyestradiol

12.07 (8.09–18.01)

10.33 (7.24–14.74)

10.47 (7.25–15.12)

10.17 (6.93–14.92)

0.30

− 1.6

0.18

2-Methoxyestrone

17.04 (13.44–21.59)

18.17 (14.85–22.23)

18.99 (15.31–23.57)

21.42 (16.80–27.31)

0.02

17.9

0.02

 Unconjugated

6.21 (4.89–7.89)

6.58 (5.44–7.96)

6.38 (5.18–7.87)

6.79 (5.30–8.70)

0.62

3.1

0.44

 Conjugated

8.59 (5.85–12.62)

10.03 (7.58–13.27)

11.61 (8.57–15.73)

14.57 (10.30–20.61)

0.001

45.3

0.003

2-Methoxyestradiol

9.77 (7.65–12.49)

10.17 (8.26–12.51)

10.40 (8.36–12.94)

9.52 (7.50–12.08)

0.83

− 6.4

0.79

Unconjugated

2.63 (2.09–3.32)

2.86 (2.38–3.45)

2.88 (2.36–3.52)

2.84 (2.29–3.52)

0.49

− 0.7

0.40

Conjugated

6.59 (4.56–9.54)

6.96 (5.23–9.27)

6.78 (4.98–9.22)

6.42 (4.59–8.97)

0.72

− 7.8

0.87

2-Hydroxyestrone-3-methyl ether

3.00 (2.32–3.89)

3.12 (2.45–3.96)

3.29 (2.56–4.24)

3.37 (2.56–4.44)

0.19

8.2

0.27

4-Hydroxyestrone

6.60 (4.51–9.65)

7.60 (5.46–10.58)

8.46 (5.96–12.00)

9.47 (6.58–13.63)

0.0007

24.6

0.002

4-Methoxyestrone

3.07 (2.52–3.74)

3.00 (2.58–3.48)

3.19 (2.72–3.76)

3.08 (2.55–3.71)

0.63

2.6

0.98

4-Methoxyestradiol

1.51 (1.16–1.95)

1.58 (1.29–1.92)

1.61 (1.29–2.00)

1.63 (1.30–2.05)

0.42

3.3

0.44

16α-Hydroxyestrone

21.42 (14.99–30.61)

30.66 (22.61–41.57)

29.25 (21.00–40.73)

37.29 (25.86–53.75)

0.002

21.6

0.0001

Estriol

85.14 (69.73–103.95)

92.92 (79.22–109.00)

95.18 (79.99–113.26)

113.48 (90.92–141.64)

0.014

22.1

0.01

 Unconjugated

9.53 (8.17–11.13)

9.74 (8.64–10.98)

10.44 (9.09–11.99)

9.86 (8.50–11.44)

0.28

1.3

0.61

 Conjugated

73.92 (59.01–92.59)

80.71 (67.41–96.64)

81.25 (66.65–99.06)

102.40 (80.16–130.81)

0.017

26.9

0.01

16-Ketoestradiol

11.97 (9.51–15.07)

15.74 (13.33–18.57)

15.69 (12.99–18.95)

19.92 (15.74–25.21)

0.0002

26.6

 < 0.0001

16-Epiestriol

16.64 (12.80–21.63)

19.37 (15.52–24.17)

19.88 (15.86–24.92)

22.85 (17.56–29.74)

0.008

18.0

0.005

17-Epiestriol

19.86 (13.54–29.15)

20.60 (14.42–29.42)

20.95 (14.54–30.19)

20.68 (14.15–30.22)

0.70

0.4

0.71

  1. Geometric means adjusted for age at blood draw (continuous), blood draw year (2013, 2014, 2015), smoking status (never, former, current, missing), diabetes (yes, no, missing), time since menopause (≤ 2, 3–5, 6–10, > 10, missing), ever used oral contraceptives (yes, no, missing)
  2. p-trend was estimated using the Wald test for ordinal body size category
  3. %Δ indicates the percentage change in estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels, comparing women with heavy body size category to average sized women, and was estimated by taking the ratio of the geometric mean difference in estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels between women reporting heavy body size categories minus average body size category to the geometric mean of women with average body size, multiplied by 100 (we could do this in the table to slight)
  4. p-diff was estimated using the Wald test and indicates a p-value for comparing estrogen/estrogen metabolite levels of women with current heavy body size vs. average body size
  5. Bold p-values represent FDR ≤ 0.05
Back to article page

Breast Cancer Research

ISSN: 1465-542X

Contact us