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Table 5 Associations of breast cancer risk and exposures to DEHP metabolites and summary phthalate exposures by waist-hip ratio (WHR)

From: Urinary phthalate exposures and risk of breast cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort study

 

Ca

Co

WHR < 0.854

Ca

Co

WHR ≥ 0.854

Phet (df = 1)b

116

475

OR (95% CI)a

117

471

OR (95% CI)a

 

MEHP%c

 ≤ 5.49%

35

147

1.00

23

170

1.00

 

 > 5.49–11.08

41

155

1.09 (0.66–1.81)

47

153

2.29 (1.32–3.98)

 

 > 11.08

40

173

0.94 (0.57–1.57)

47

148

2.39 (1.36–4.18)

0.02

P trend

  

0.86

  

0.002

 

Phthalic acid

 ≤ 36.90

45

143

1.00

30

170

1.00

 

 > 36.90–≤ 79.76

37

161

0.74 (0.45–1.20)

37

150

1.44 (0.84–2.45)

 

 > 79.76

34

171

0.64 (0.38–1.07)

50

151

1.98 (1.18–3.33)

0.002

P trend

 

0.08

  

0.01

 

∑DEHP

 ≤ 63.21

41

149

1.00

39

162

1.00

 

 63.21–133.05

38

160

0.89 (0.54–1.47)

39

157

1.07 (0.65–1.77)

 

 > 133.05

37

166

0.90 (0.54–1.50)

39

152

1.16 (0.69–1.93)

0.49

P trend

 

0.66

  

0.59

 

∑HMWP

 ≤ 78.13

38

147

1.00

41

165

1.00

 

 > 78.13–149.24

40

159

0.99 (0.60–1.64)

37

156

0.99 (0.60–1.63)

 

 > 149.24

38

169

0.95 (0.57–1.58)

39

150

1.13 (0.68–1.88)

0.68

P trend

 

0.85

  

0.69

 

ΣLMWP

 ≤ 64.0

42

154

1.00

37

165

1.00

 

 > 64.0–145.29

34

144

0.87 (0.53–1.45)

39

162

1.14 (0.69–1.89)

 

 > 145.29

40

177

0.86 (0.52–1.43)

41

144

1.44 (0.86–2.43)

0.17

P trend

    

0.19

 

∑LMHMPA

 ≤ 226.38

39

136

1.00

35

175

1.00

 

 > 226.38–442.34

38

157

0.86 (0.52–1.43)

31

157

1.04 (0.61–1.78)

 

 > 442.34

39

182

0.79 (0.47–1.31)

51

139

2.01 (1.22–3.32)

0.01

P trend

  

0.35

  

0.01

 
  1. Waist-hip ratio (WHR) information was collected at the third follow-up questionnaire (2003–2006); we included subjects with WHR information before breast cancer diagnosis and all control women
  2. aUnconditional logistic regression adjusting for matching factors including ethnicity, age, time of urine collection, type of urine specimen, education, number of children, age at menarche, menopausal status, BMI at urine collection, HT use at urine collection, neighborhood socioeconomic status at urine collection, smoking, alcohol intake, and Mediterranean energy adjusted total score
  3. bP heterogeneity (WHR < 0.854 vs WHR ≥ 0.85) df = 1
  4. cMEHP% was calculated by converting the DEHP metabolites (MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MECPP) into nanomoles (nmol) using their respective molecular weights (278, 294, 292, and 308 g/mol) and dividing the molar mass of MEHP by the mass of the sum of these metabolites and then multiplying by 100