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Table 3 Associations between key risk factors and breast cancer risk stratified by menopausal status at BBD diagnosis (averaged frequencies)

From: Risk factors for breast cancer development by tumor characteristics among women with benign breast disease

Variable

Premenopausal women, N = 449a

Postmenopausal women, N = 579a

P-het†

Control N = 217

Case N = 233

Multivariable model*

Control N = 297

Case N = 282

Multivariable model*

Na

%a

Na

%a

OR (95% CI)*

Na

%a

Na

%a

OR (95% CI)*

Age at first full-term birth/years

 Nulliparous/≥ 30

57

26.3

83

35.7

1.00 (ref)

50

17.0

56

20.0

1.00 (ref)

0.35

 < 30

160

73.7

150

64.3

0.59 (0.38, 0.90)

247

83.0

226

80.0

0.81 (0.47, 1.38)

 

 P-value

    

0.015

    

0.43

 

Family history of breast cancer

 No

190

87.5

186

80.0

1.00 (ref)

244

82.2

225

79.9

1.00 (ref)

0.28

 Yes

27

12.5

47

20.0

1.75 (1.00, 3.07)

53

17.8

57

20.1

1.18 (0.76, 1.83)

 

 P-value

    

0.052

    

0.46

 

History of bilateral oophorectomy

 No

–

–

–

–

–

212

71.3

221

78.3

1.00 (ref)

–

 Yes

–

–

–

–

–

85

28.7

61

21.7

0.66 (0.44, 0.99)

 

 P-value

    

–

    

0.044

 

BBD histology

 Normal/non-proliferative

178

81.9

157

67.5

1.00 (ref)

206

69.5

167

59.4

1.00 (ref)

0.47

 Proliferative without atypia

37

17.2

67

28.7

2.06 (1.27, 3.33)

87

29.2

97

34.2

1.41 (0.97, 2.03)

 

 Proliferative with atypia

2

0.9

9

3.9

5.45 (1.14, 26.15)

4

1.4

18

6.4

5.65 (1.86, 17.14)

 

 P-trend

    

0.015

    

0.41

 

Columnar cell lesionsb

 None

179

83.2

188

81.1

1.00 (ref)

271

91.3

238

84.6

1.00 (ref)

0.09

 Present with/without atypia

36

16.9

44

18.9

1.09 (0.65, 1.82)

26

8.7

43

15.4

2.08 (1.21, 3.58)

 

 P-value

    

0.73

    

0.008

 
  1. BBD benign breast disease, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio. aAveraged frequencies. bTwo controls (all premenopausal women) and two cases (1 pre- and 1 postmenopausal women) were missing for columnar cell lesions. *OR and 95% CI estimates were calculated using unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for continuous age at BBD and follow-up period from BBD diagnosis to breast cancer diagnosis, categorized BBD calendar year as a trend, family history of breast cancer in 1st-degree relatives, BBD histology, and parity. Postmenopausal women were additionally adjusted for history of bilateral oophorectomy. †P-heterogeneity was calculated from multivariable analyses comparing pre- versus postmenopausal women