Table 4 Associations between changing slope in body mass index and clinical outcomes: multivariable Cox models*

 Loss > 0.5 kg/m²/year

2.60 (1.88–3.59)

< 0.001

3.05 (1.91–4.86)

< 0.001

2.12 (1.52–2.96)

< 0.001

 Stable (≤ 0.5 kg/m²/year)

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

 Gain > 0.5 kg/m²/year

1.60 (1.10–2.33)

0.014

1.73 (1.04–2.87)

0.035

1.54 (1.06–2.24)

0.024

 Black vs. White

1.98 (1.49–2.64)

< 0.001

2.06 (1.40–3.04)

< 0.001

2.02 (1.51–2.69)

< 0.001

 Asian vs. White

1.38 (0.59–3.18)

0.46

1.92 (0.75–4.90)

0.18

1.21 (0.49–3.03)

0.68

 Hispanic vs. White

0.32 (0.08–1.30)

0.11

0.59 (0.14–2.45)

0.47

0.31 (0.08–1.28)

0.11

Age per 10 years

1.33 (1.19–1.49)

< 0.001

1.16 (1.01–1.34)

0.036

1.35 (1.20–1.51)

< 0.001

 1 vs. 0

1.28 (0.84–1.94)

0.26

1.41 (0.84–2.38)

0.20

1.35 (0.88–2.09)

0.17

 2 vs. 0

2.62 (1.82–3.76)

< 0.001

1.28 (0.70–2.35)

0.43

2.87 (1.99–4.13)

< 0.001

 3 vs. 0

3.36 (2.17–5.18)

< 0.001

1.05 (0.43–2.56)

0.91

3.48 (2.24–5.41)

< 0.001

 0 vs. 1

0.67 (0.16–2.82)

0.59

0.0**

0.68 (0.16–2.87)

0.60

 2 vs. 1

1.34 (0.96–1.86)

0.087

2.42 (1.43–4.08)

0.001

1.40 (1.00–1.97)

0.048

 3 vs. 1

2.71 (1.83–4.01)

< 0.001

5.92 (3.35–10.48)

< 0.001

2.46 (1.63–3.70)

< 0.001

 2 vs. 1

1.48 (0.86–2.54)

0.16

4.41 (1.06–18.41)

0.042

1.43 (0.85–2.39)

0.18

 3 vs. 1

1.76 (0.97–3.17)

0.06

7.32 (1.70–31.54)

0.008

1.60 (0.91–2.84)

0.11

 ER/PR+, her2+ vs. ER/PR+/her2−

0.85 (0.52–1.40)

0.53

0.53 (0.26–1.10)

0.088

0.80 (0.48–1.33)

0.38

 ER/PR−, her2+ vs. ER/PR+/her2−

0.86 (0.40–1.84)

0.70

0.93 (0.36–2.38)

0.88

0.69 (0.31–1.55)

0.37

 Triple negative vs. ER/PR+/her2−

1.19 (0.66–2.14)

0.56

1.28 (0.60–2.71)

0.53

0.95 (0.52–1.74)

0.87

 Radiotherapy

0.86 (0.65–1.14)

0.30

0.70 (0.48–1.02)

0.063

1.02 (0.76–1.36)

0.91

 Hormonal therapy

0.93 (0.56–1.54)

0.78

0.96 (0.48–1.92)

0.91

0.96 (0.57–1.61)

0.88

 Chemotherapy

1.10 (0.75–1.62)

0.62

0.91 (0.52–1.57)

0.73

1.25 (0.85–1.85)

0.26