From: Outdoor air pollution and terminal duct lobular involution of the normal breast
All women | Premenopausal | Postmenopausal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | RRa,b (95% CI) | N | RRa,b (95% CI) | N | RRa,b (95% CI) | |
PM2.5 components (μg/m3) | ||||||
SO4 | ||||||
Quartile 1 | 446 | Ref. | 323 | Ref. | 121 | Ref. |
Quartile 2 | 526 | 1.20 (1.02, 1.40) | 367 | 1.23 (1.02, 1.47) | 158 | 1.13 (0.82, 1.54) |
Quartile 3 | 465 | 0.98 (0.84, 1.15) | 303 | 0.99 (0.82, 1.20) | 160 | 0.99 (0.72, 1.36) |
Quartile 4 | 467 | 1.10 (0.93, 1.29) | 329 | 1.14 (0.94, 1.37) | 135 | 1.01 (0.72, 1.44) |
IQR increasec | 1,904 | 1.04 (0.99, 1.08) | 1,322 | 1.04 (0.99, 1.08) | 574 | 1.05 (0.96, 1.14) |
NO3 | ||||||
Quartile 1 | 476 | Ref. | 319 | Ref. | 153 | Ref. |
Quartile 2 | 444 | 1.00 (0.85, 1.17) | 318 | 0.95 (0.79, 1.14) | 122 | 1.19 (0.85, 1.68) |
Quartile 3 | 512 | 1.05 (0.90, 1.23) | 354 | 1.00 (0.83, 1.20) | 155 | 1.26 (0.91, 1.74) |
Quartile 4 | 476 | 1.08 (0.92, 1.27) | 331 | 1.04 (0.86, 1.25) | 144 | 1.28 (0.92, 1.77) |
IQR increasec | 1,904 | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) | 1,322 | 1.01 (0.96, 1.08) | 574 | 1.10 (0.99, 1.23) |
NH4 | ||||||
Quartile 1 | 478 | Ref. | 311 | Ref. | 163 | Ref. |
Quartile 2 | 467 | 1.08 (0.92, 1.27) | 345 | 1.02 (0.84, 1.22) | 121 | 1.29 (0.92, 1.79) |
Quartile 3 | 551 | 0.97 (0.82, 1.14) | 293 | 0.94 (0.78, 1.14) | 155 | 1.09 (0.79, 1.50) |
Quartile 4 | 508 | 1.07 (0.91, 1.25) | 373 | 1.00 (0.83, 1.20) | 135 | 1.39 (1.01, 1.91) |
IQR increasec | 1,904 | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) | 1,322 | 1.03 (0.96, 1.10) | 574 | 1.15 (1.02, 1.30) |
EC | ||||||
Quartile 1 | 474 | Ref. | 348 | Ref. | 125 | Ref. |
Quartile 2 | 507 | 1.23 (1.05, 1.44) | 359 | 1.27 (1.07, 1.52) | 143 | 1.08 (0.77, 1.50) |
Quartile 3 | 406 | 1.02 (0.85, 1.21) | 260 | 1.03 (0.84, 1.26) | 144 | 1.01 (0.72, 1.40) |
Quartile 4 | 517 | 1.11 (0.94, 1.30) | 355 | 1.10 (0.92, 1.32) | 162 | 1.17 (0.85, 1.61) |
IQR increasec | 1,904 | 1.05 (0.95, 1.15) | 1,322 | 1.04 (0.94, 1.16) | 574 | 1.09 (0.91, 1.31) |
OC | ||||||
Quartile 1 | 477 | Ref. | 341 | Ref. | 134 | Ref. |
Quartile 2 | 499 | 1.11 (0.95, 1.30) | 361 | 1.13 (0.95, 1.36) | 136 | 1.07 (0.77, 1.48) |
Quartile 3 | 424 | 1.12 (0.95, 1.32) | 272 | 1.18 (0.97, 1.43) | 150 | 0.99 (0.71, 1.36) |
Quartile 4 | 504 | 1.02 (0.87, 1.20) | 348 | 1.03 (0.86, 1.24) | 154 | 1.03 (0.75, 1.41) |
IQR increasec | 1,904 | 1.01 (0.91, 1.11) | 1,322 | 1.01 (0.90, 1.13) | 574 | 1.05 (0.85, 1.29) |
Gaseous pollutants (ppb) | ||||||
CO | ||||||
Quartile 1 | 474 | Ref. | 342 | Ref. | 131 | Ref. |
Quartile 2 | 510 | 1.18 (1.01, 1.39) | 354 | 1.24 (1.03, 1.48) | 152 | 1.00 (0.72, 1.39) |
Quartile 3 | 459 | 1.09 (0.93, 1.29) | 317 | 1.15 (0.95, 1.38) | 141 | 0.94 (0.68, 1.31) |
Quartile 4 | 561 | 1.08 (0.91, 1.27) | 309 | 1.06 (0.88, 1.29) | 150 | 1.11 (0.81, 1.52) |
IQR increasec | 1,904 | 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) | 1,322 | 1.01 (0.90, 1.12) | 574 | 1.06 (0.87, 1.28) |
NO | ||||||
Quartile 1 | 479 | Ref. | 350 | Ref. | 126 | Ref. |
Quartile 2 | 471 | 1.21 (1.03, 1.41) | 336 | 1.22 (1.02, 1.46) | 132 | 1.12 (0.79, 1.57) |
Quartile 3 | 428 | 1.03 (0.87, 1.22) | 274 | 1.06 (0.87, 1.29) | 152 | 1.00 (0.73, 1.37) |
Quartile 4 | 526 | 1.08 (0.92, 1.27) | 362 | 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) | 164 | 1.17 (0.85, 1.60) |
IQR increasec | 1,904 | 1.02 (0.94, 1.12) | 1,322 | 1.02 (0.92, 1.12) | 574 | 1.08 (0.91, 1.29) |
NO2 | ||||||
Quartile 1 | 474 | Ref. | 344 | Ref. | 129 | Ref. |
Quartile 2 | 480 | 1.23 (1.05, 1.44) | 339 | 1.28 (1.07, 1.54) | 137 | 1.02 (0.73, 1.43) |
Quartile 3 | 491 | 1.05 (0.89, 1.24) | 327 | 1.08 (0.89, 1.30) | 161 | 1.00 (0.73, 1.37) |
Quartile 4 | 459 | 1.12 (0.95, 1.33) | 312 | 1.13 (0.94, 1.37) | 147 | 1.11 (0.80, 1.54) |
IQR increasec | 1,904 | 1.03 (0.95, 1.13) | 1,322 | 1.03 (0.93, 1.14) | 574 | 1.07 (0.90, 1.26) |
SO2 | ||||||
Quartile 1 | 470 | Ref. | 323 | Ref. | 146 | Ref. |
Quartile 2 | 435 | 1.20 (1.02, 1.41) | 309 | 1.24 (1.02, 1.49) | 124 | 1.02 (0.73, 1.42) |
Quartile 3 | 528 | 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) | 355 | 1.02 (0.85, 1.22) | 171 | 1.14 (0.84, 1.54) |
Quartile 4 | 471 | 1.04 (0.89, 1.23) | 335 | 1.07 (0.88, 1.29) | 133 | 0.97 (0.71, 1.34) |
IQR increasec | 1,904 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.07) | 1,322 | 1.00 (0.93, 1.08) | 574 | 1.05 (0.92, 1.20) |