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Table 1 Study hospitals, their catchment populations, available treatments and respective approximate patient out-of-pocket costs during the study period

From: Inequities in breast cancer treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: findings from a prospective multi-country observational study

Country

Namibia

Nigeria

Uganda

Site

Public: AB May Cancer Care Centre, Windhoek Central Hospital

Public: Federal Medical Centre Owerri and Abia State University Teaching Hospital; Private: Marantha clinic, Aba

Public: Mulago Hospital and Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala

Catchment population

National

Federal

National

ABC-DO participants*

104 non-black and 398 black women

313 public, 80 private patients

430

Medical treatment: approximate patient out-of-pocket costs in USD, at time of study

 Imaging

  Mammography (diagnostic)

Free

22

30

  Computer tomography

Free

145

100

  BiopsyA

Free

85

10

  Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)A

Free

6

10

  Immunohistochemistry (IHC)AB

Free

Not available

70

  Full blood tests

Free

40

5

  ECG

Free

90

20

  Mastectomy

Free

250

Free

  Pre-chemotherapy tests

Free

No information

50–400

  Chemotherapy per cycle

Free

65–1500

120–200

 Hormone drugs/month

  Tamoxifen

Free

40

10–20

  Anastrazole

Free

20

50–60

  Herceptin

Free

1100

3000

  Radiotherapyc

Free

Nearest public radiotherapy facility is 150 km away from Enugu

Freec

  1. *Numbers refer to excluded women without any treatment data (n = 7)
  2. ASpecimens were taken for all women in Namibia and 94% and 59% of Ugandan and Nigerian patients, respectively. Most specimens were core biopsies (74%), followed by excisional biopsies (14%) and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) (11%). IHC was performed for 96% of Namibian women, but only 10% and 9% of Ugandan and Nigerian women, respectively
  3. BPrices are for determination of full receptor status (endocrine, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
  4. cRadiotherapy was not available in Uganda from March 2016 for 1.5 years