Table 1 Summary of studies investigating the association of obesity with breast cancer
From: Updating the role of obesity and cholesterol in breast cancer
Reference | Study type | Treatment | Results | Measure of association |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yang 2011 [6] | Meta-analysis | n.a. | Obesity in women ≤ 50 years is more frequent in ER(−)/PR(−) tumors Obesity in women > 50 years is less frequent in ER(−) tumors | p = 1 × 10–7 p = 6 × 10–4 |
Munsell 2014 [7] | Meta-analysis | Estrogen-progestin | Obesity associates with risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: Premenopausal Postmenopausal | RR, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.67–0.92 RR, 1.39; 95%CI, 1.14–1.70 |
Pierobom 2013 [8] | Meta-analysis | n.a. | Obesity associates with TNBC tumors in premenopausal women | OR, 1.43; 95%CI, 1.23–1.65 |
Enger 2000 [62] | Case-case/case-control | n.a. | Obesity associates with ER(+)/PR(+) in postmenopausal women | OR, 2.45; 95%CI, 1.73–3.47 |
Rosenberg 2006 [63] | Population-based | Estrogen alone Estrogen-progestin | Weight gain > 30 kg in adulthood associates with risk of ER(+)/PR(+) tumors | OR, 1.5; 95%CI, 1.2–1.8 |
Nagrani 2016 [9] | Case-control | HRT patients excluded | Premenopausal women with a BMI ≥ 30 are at lower risk of breast cancer Women postmenopausal for ≥ 10 years are at higher risk of breast cancer | OR, 0.5; 95%CI, 0.4–0.8 OR, 1.8; 95%CI, 1.1–3.3 |
Suzuki 2006 [64] | Population-based | Oral contraceptives Postmenopausal hormones | Obesity associates with risk of developing ER(+)/ER(+) tumors in postmenopausal women | RR, 1.67, 95%CI, 1.34–2.07 |
Ahn 2007 [10] | Prospective | Postmenopausal hormones | Weight gain after age 18 associates with postmenopausal breast cancer risk in menopausal hormone therapy non-users | RR, 2.15, 95%CI, 1.35–3.42 |
Neuhouser 2015 [11] | Randomized | Postmenopausal hormones | Obesity and overweight associate with increased risk of invasive breast cancer 5% body weight gain in women with BMI < 25 associates with increased breast cancer risk | HR, 1.58; 95%CI, 1.40–1.79 HR, 1.36; 95%CI, 1.1–1.65 |
Reeves 2007 [12] | Prospective | HRT | Increasing BMI associates with increasing incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal women | RR, 1.40; 95%CI, 1.31–1.49 |