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Table 4 Air toxics and breast density by menopausal status at time of mammogram (Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, 2011)

From: Airborne metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in relation to mammographic breast density

Air toxics

Premenopausal

Postmenopausal

Interaction p value2

Non-dense breasts

Dense breasts

Adjusted OR (95% CI)1

Non-dense breasts

Dense breasts

Adjusted OR (95% CI)1

Arsenic

 Quartile 1

6645

11,106

1.00 (reference)

24,575

14,980

1.00 (reference)

< .0001

 Quartile 2

7541

8645

0.77 (0.73, 0.80)

24,505

11,549

0.81 (0.78, 0.83)

 Quartile 3

5709

11,450

1.33 (1.27, 1.39)

21,859

15,314

1.22 (1.18, 1.26)

 Quartile 4

6272

11,578

1.37 (1.31, 1.44)

25,368

15,485

1.14 (1.11, 1.18)

Cadmium

 Quartile 1

7212

8608

1.00 (reference)

26,631

15,671

1.00 (reference)

< .0001

 Quartile 2

6482

10,043

1.09 (1.04, 1.14)

21,848

12,929

0.89 (0.86, 0.92)

 Quartile 3

5916

11,705

1.28 (1.22, 1.34)

21,721

13,969

0.90 (0.88, 0.93)

 Quartile 4

6557

12,423

1.26 (1.20, 1.32)

26,107

14,759

0.81 (0.78, 0.84)

Chromium

 Quartile 1

7846

9445

1.00 (reference)

29,629

16,597

1.00 (reference)

< .0001

 Quartile 2

6591

9191

1.22 (1.17, 1.28)

21,455

12,010

0.99 (0.96, 1.02)

 Quartile 3

5988

12,352

1.53 (1.46, 1.61)

22,703

15,717

1.10 (1.06, 1.13)

 Quartile 4

5742

11,791

1.33 (1.27, 1.40)

22,520

13,004

0.83 (0.81, 0.86)

Cobalt

 Quartile 1

8427

7868

1.00 (reference)

28,128

12,269

1.00 (reference)

< .0001

 Quartile 2

6149

10,203

1.33 (1.27, 1.40)

20,499

11,925

1.10 (1.06, 1.14)

 Quartile 3

5787

12,044

1.67 (1.59, 1.76)

22,628

15,712

1.34 (1.30, 1.39)

 Quartile 4

5804

12,664

1.98 (1.89, 2.08)

25,052

17,422

1.46 (1.41, 1.51)

Lead

 Quartile 1

8163

9090

1.00 (reference)

27,414

13,285

1.00 (reference)

< .0001

 Quartile 2

6231

10,217

1.13 (1.08, 1.19)

23,673

13,802

1.02 (0.99, 1.05)

 Quartile 3

5931

12,124

1.50 (1.43, 1.57)

22,168

15,064

1.22 (1.18, 1.26)

 Quartile 4

5842

11,348

1.84 (1.76, 1.93)

23,052

15,177

1.45 (1.41, 1.50)

Manganese

 Quartile 1

6454

10,923

1.00 (reference)

25,816

17,227

1.00 (reference)

< .0001

 Quartile 2

7463

9579

0.74 (0.71, 0.77)

24,957

13,144

0.76 (0.74, 0.78)

 Quartile 3

6208

10,509

0.91 (0.87, 0.96)

22,037

12,107

0.74 (0.71, 0.76)

 Quartile 4

6042

11,768

1.44 (1.37, 1.51)

23,497

14,850

1.09 (1.06, 1.12)

Mercury

 Quartile 1

7233

10,002

1.00 (reference)

24,582

13,073

1.00 (reference)

0.01

 Quartile 2

6131

10,818

1.17 (1.12, 1.22)

23,116

14,558

1.14 (1.10, 1.17)

 Quartile 3

6071

11,150

1.12 (1.07, 1.17)

22,864

15,122

1.14 (1.10, 1.17)

 Quartile 4

6732

10,809

0.97 (0.93, 1.01)

25,745

14,575

0.94 (0.91, 0.97)

Nickel

 Quartile 1

7712

7222

1.00 (reference)

24,890

11,079

1.00 (reference)

< .0001

 Quartile 2

6311

11,293

1.54 (1.47, 1.62)

22,504

14,496

1.30 (1.25, 1.34)

 Quartile 3

5821

11,305

1.66 (1.58, 1.75)

22,794

15,729

1.38 (1.33, 1.43)

 Quartile 4

6323

12,959

1.58 (1.50, 1.65)

26,119

16,024

1.10 (1.06, 1.14)

Selenium

 Quartile 1

6605

7986

1.00 (reference)

26,015

14,427

1.00 (reference)

< .0001

 Quartile 2

7458

10,826

1.08 (1.03, 1.13)

24,269

14,625

0.97 (0.95, 1.01)

 Quartile 3

5790

11,418

1.25 (1.19, 1.32)

20,616

13,475

0.95 (0.92, 0.98)

 Quartile 4

6314

12,549

1.21 (1.15, 1.28)

25,407

14,801

0.79 (0.77, 0.82)

PAH

 Quartile 1

8361

7722

1.00 (reference)

26,570

10,848

1.00 (reference)

< .0001

 Quartile 2

6258

10,801

1.79 (1.71, 1.88)

22,960

14,030

1.50 (1.45, 1.55)

 Quartile 3

5790

11,640

1.75 (1.67, 1.84)

23,535

17,501

1.61 (1.56, 1.66)

 Quartile 4

5758

12,616

1.54 (1.46, 1.62)

23,242

14,949

1.16 (1.12, 1.20)

  1. 1Adjusted for age, race, zip code level income and education, and parity status
  2. 2p value from likelihood ratio test (df = 3) for models with and without inclusion of an interaction term between air toxic and menopausal status at time of mammogram
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