Associations between dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Xiao, Yunjun; Xia, Junjie; Li, Liping; Ke, Yuebin; Cheng, Jinquan; Xie, Yaojie; Chu, Winnie; Cheung, Polly; Kim, Jean Hee; Colditz, Graham A.; Tamimi, Rulla M.; Su, Xuefen

doi:10.1186/s13058-019-1096-1

Table 4 Meta-analyses on the association between dietary patterns and breast cancer risk

From: Associations between dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Subgroups	Western							Prudent
Subgroups	No. of studies	RR (95% CI)	P	Heterogeneity χ²	I² (%)	P _{Heterogeneity}	P _interaction	No. of studies	RR (95% CI)	P	Heterogeneity χ²	I² (%)	P _{Heterogeneity}	P _interaction
Overall	34	1.14(1.02, 1.28)	0.017	225.1	85.3	< 0.001		35	0.82(0.75, 0.89)	< 0.001	155.1	78.1	< 0.001
Study design
Case-control	17	1.35(1.08, 1.71)	0.009	180.3	91.1	< 0.001	0.021	18	0.70(0.59, 0.85)	< 0.001	135.3	87.4	< 0.001	0.091
Cohort	17	1.02(0.95, 1.09)	0.490	23.2	30.9	0.109		17	0.89(0.85, 0.93)	< 0.001	14.3	0.0	0.577
No of cases
< 1000	16	1.34(1.03, 1.76)	0.031	128.8	88.4	< 0.001	0.050	17	0.66(0.54,0.82)	< 0.001	88.8	82.0	< 0.001	0.023
> 1000	18	1.03(0.96, 1.10)	0.43	40.1	57.6	0.001		18	0.90(0.84, 0.97)	0.006	44.0	61.4	< 0.001
Geographical location
Europe	11	0.97(0.86, 1.11)	0.723	30.2	66.9	0.001	< 0.001	12	0.88(0.80, 0.97)	0.014	25.1	56.2	0.009	< 0.001
North America	11	1.04(0.98, 1.11)	0.194	8.73	0	0.558		11	0.91(0.82, 1.02)	0.123	29.8	66.5	0.001
South America	4	2.33(1.70, 3.19)	< 0.001	9.74	69.2	0.021		4	0.58(0.47, 0.72)	< 0.001	3.56	15.7	0.313
Asia	8	1.21(0.93, 1.56)	0.143	32.6	78.6	< 0.001		8	0.58(0.42, 0.80)	0.001	68.6	89.9	< 0.001
No of adjusted covariates
≤ 10	16	1.27(1.01, 1.63)	0.048	173.5	91.4	< 0.001	0.226	16	0.74(0.64, 0.86)	< 0.001	63.5	76.4	< 0.001	0.279
> 10	18	1.06(0.98, 1.15)	0.127	40.6	58.1	< 0.001		19	0.87(0.78, 0.96)	0.009	83.7	78.5	< 0.001
Study quality score
≤ 7	18	1.25(1.04, 1.48)	0.017	160.4	89.4	< 0.001	0.190	19	0.77(0.67, 0.89)	0.001	122.2	85.3	< 0.001	0.541
> 7	16	1.02(0.92, 1.14)	0.644	42.9	65.1	< 0.001		16	0.85(0.78, 0.93)	0.001	32.7	54.2	0.005
Adjustment for confounders
Age
Yes	24	1.07(0.98, 1.18)	0.152	84.4	72.8	< 0.001	0.233	25	0.85(0.77, 0.93)	0.001	105.9	77.3	< 0.001	0.502
No	10	1.29(0.96, 1.74)	0.094	105.8	91.5	< 0.001		10	0.74(0.62, 0.91)	0.004	39.4	77.2	< 0.001
BMI
Yes	31	1.12(1.01, 1.26)	0.043	211.6	85.8	< 0.001	0.426	32	0.81(0.75, 0.89)	< 0.001	138.4	77.6	< 0.001	0.754
No	3	1.37(0.88, 2.13)	0.158	8.66	76.9	0.013		3	0.85(0.52, 1.40)	0.526	15.2	86.9	< 0.001
Energy
Yes	31	1.16(1.02, 1.31)	0.023	222.4	86.5	< 0.001	0.754	31	0.84(0.77, 0.92)	< 0.001	133.7	77.6	< 0.001	0.340
No	3	1.05(0.94, 1.16)	0.416	1.51	0.0	0.470		4	0.69(0.62, 0.77)	< 0.001	2.24	0.0	0.524
Smoking
Yes	22	1.12(1.01, 1.25)	0.040	70.5	70.2	< 0.001	0.844	22	0.82(0.72, 0.93)	0.003	128.4	83.7	< 0.001	0.853
No	12	1.16(0.93, 1.48)	0.193	153.5	92.8	< 0.001		13	0.82(0.75, 0.89)	< 0.001	25.5	52.9	0.013
Alcohol
Yes	14	0.99(0.91, 1.08)	0.854	23.5	44.6	0.036	0.075	14	0.84(0.74, 0.95)	0.007	52.9	75.4	< 0.001	0.827
No	20	1.271.07, 1.50)	0.005	179.4	89.4	< 0.001		21	0.80(0.72, 0.90)	< 0.001	101.9	80.4	< 0.001
Family history of breast cancer
Yes	28	1.06(0.98, 1.16)	0.140	88.5	69.5	< 0.001	0.069	29	0.82(0.75, 0.90)	< 0.001	136.5	79.5	< 0.001	0.942
No	6	1.44(0.94, 2.20)	0.090	68.6	92.7	< 0.001		6	0.79(0.64, 0.98)	0.032	16.5	69.7	0.006
Physical activity
Yes	24	1.19(1.04, 1.36)	0.012	167.5	86.3	< 0.001	0.409	24	0.82(0.74, 0.91)	< 0.001	118.4	80.6	< 0.001	0.985
No	10	1.05(0.87, 1.26)	0.628	45.4	80.2	< 0.001		11	0.81(0.71, 0.94)	0.004	36.5	72.6	< 0.001
Hormone use
Yes	13	1.04(0.94, 1.14)	0.457	27.9	57.0	0.006	0.121	14	0.85(0.75, 0.97)	0.016	67.8	80.8	< 0.001	0.649
No	21	1.26(1.05, 1.51)	0.011	191.3	89.5	< 0.001		21	0.79(0.71, 0.89)	< 0.001	83.1	75.9	< 0.001

BMI, body mass index

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