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Fig. 2 | Breast Cancer Research

Fig. 2

From: Alterations in arginine and energy metabolism, structural and signalling lipids in metastatic breast cancer in mice detected in plasma by targeted metabolomics and lipidomics

Fig. 2

Shunts of arginine metabolism into arginase pathway, synthesis of polyamines and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) detected in plasma in murine model of 4T1 metastatic breast cancer. Decrease in arginine plasma pool (a), increase in ornithine concentration (b) and ornithine-to-arginine ratio (c) in tumour-bearing mice, suggesting an increase in arginase activity. Lack of changes in citrulline plasma concentration (d), slight increased citrulline-to-arginine ratio (e) and increase in concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine (f) in tumour-bearing mice, suggesting impaired nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. Increased plasma concentrations of putrescine (g), spermidine (h) and spermine (i) in tumour-bearing mice suggesting increased polyamine synthesis. An overview of 4T1 breast cancer cell-related alterations in L-arginine metabolism (j). Empty bars represent control animals, and black bars represent tumour-bearing mice. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 10). The data were analysed with either analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (arginine, ornithine/arginine, putrescine) or non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA (ornithine, citrulline, citrulline/ornithine, ADMA, spermidine, spermine), depending on the normality of distribution and variance homogeneity (F test) with statistical significance set at *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. ARG Arginase, ODC Ornithine decarboxylase, Spd Syn Spermidine synthase, Spm Syn Spermine synthase

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