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Table 5 Modifications of associationa between 24-year mean road traffic noise Lden (per 10 dB) and incidence of breast cancer by menopausal status, HT use, obesity, night work, and residential area in 22,466 nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort

From: Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and incidence of breast cancer: a cohort study

 

Breast cancer with receptor status

N = 611

ER+

N = 494

PR+

N = 393

ER+/PR+

N = 384

Number of cases

HR (95% CI)

Number of cases

HR (95% CI)

Number of cases

HR (95% CI)

Number of cases

HR (95% CI)

Menopausal status

 Premenopausal

334

1.16 (0.97–1.38)

272

1.25 (1.02–1.52)

231

1.17 (0.95–1.45)

226

1.19 (0.96–1.48)

 Postmenopausal

277

1.18 (0.97–1.43)

222

1.21 (0.97–1.51)

162

1.26 (0.97–1.63)

158

1.23 (0.94–1.59)

 p value for interaction**

 

0.9069

 

0.7135

 

0.6767

 

0.8909

HT use

 Never

390

1.16 (0.99–1.36)

319

1.21 (1.01–1.45)

256

1.18 (0.97–1.44)

254

1.19 (0.97–1.45)

 Previous

57

0.98 (0.64–1.50)

44

1.12 (0.68–1.85)

33

1.03 (0.58–1.84)

31

0.99 (0.55–1.80)

 Current

164

1.26 (0.96–1.65)

131

1.33 (0.99–1.80)

104

1.34 (0.96–1.88)

99

1.34 (0.95–1.89)

 p value for interaction**

 

0.4685

 

0.6047

 

0.5697

 

0.6012

Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2)

 No

572

1.18 (1.03–1.35)

459

1.25 (1.07–1.45)

367

1.22 (1.03–1.45)

358

1.22 (1.03–1.46)

 Yes

39

1.03 (0.65–1.65)

35

1.04 (0.63–1.71)

26

1.03 (0.59–1.78)

26

1.03 (0.59–1.78)

 p value for interaction**

 

0.9805

 

0.9489

 

0.7553

 

0.7704

Night work*

 No

473

1.16 (1.00–1.35)

386

1.21 (1.02–1.43)

317

1.22 (1.02–1.47)

 

1.23 (1.02–1.48)

 Yes

24

1.86 (0.97–3.57)

17

3.36 (1.48–7.63)

9

1.88 (0.59–6.00)

310

3.04 (0.80–11.60)

 p value for interaction**

 

0.3754

 

0.0477*

 

0.3000

8

0.1585

Residential area

 Urban

77

1.30 (0.81–2.10)

67

1.24 (0.74–2.07)

50

0.95 (0.52–1.75)

49

0.96 (0.52–1.77)

 Provincial

299

1.21 (0.98–1.51)

234

1.43 (1.12–1.83)

192

1.57 (1.19–2.06)

185

1.57 (1.19–2.08)

 Rural

235

1.12 (0.94–1.33)

193

1.12 (0.92–1.35)

151

1.06 (0.85–1.31)

150

1.06 (0.86–1.32)

 p value for interaction**

 

0.6460

 

0.2610

 

0.0811

 

0.0893

  1. aModel adjusted for birth cohort, urbanization (urban, provincial, rural), body mass index (underweight, normal, overweight, obese), leisure time physical activity (low, medium, high), alcohol consumption (low, moderate, heavy), age at menarche (≤ 12 years of age, > 12 years of age), parity (nulliparous, parous), number of births, age at first birth, menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal), use of hormone therapy (never, past, current), use of oral contraceptives (never, ever) and smoking status
  2. Traffic noise was entered as a continuous variable in all models as the 24-year running mean preceding diagnosis. Model adjusted for birth cohort, urbanization (urban, provincial, rural), body mass index (underweight, normal, overweight, obese), leisure time physical activity (low, medium, high), alcohol consumption (low, moderate, heavy), age at menarche (≤ years of age, > 12 years of age), parity (nulliparous, parous), number of births, age at first birth, menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal), use of hormone therapy (never, past, current), use of oral contraceptives (never, ever) and smoking status. However, there was no adjustment for the stratification variable
  3. HT hormone therapy, BMI body mass index, ER estrogen receptor, PR progesterone receptor
  4. *Only available for 17,545 nurses
  5. **Test of the null hypothesis that the linear trends are identical, for Wald’s test for interaction
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Breast Cancer Research

ISSN: 1465-542X

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