Fig. 1

Manual matrix embedding versus bioprinting of MCF12A cells. (a) Example of random organoid dispersion and morphology of MCF12A cells following manual matrix embedding in collagen gels at 5, 8, 10, and 14 days. (b–d) Examples of resulting organoid morphologies from manual matrix embedded MCF12a cells: (b) “sphere-like”, (c) “duct-like”, (d) “star-like”. (e) Example of controlled and organized growth of MCF12A organoids following three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. (f) Image of our accessible bioprinting platform. (g) Visual representation of machine path during insertion routine. Scale bars: a = 200 μM, b–d = 100 μM, e = 500 μM