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Fig. 2 | Breast Cancer Research

Fig. 2

From: Paternal malnutrition programs breast cancer risk and tumor metabolism in offspring

Fig. 2

Paternal low-protein (LP) diet programs the mammary gland development of female offspring. Histological depiction of the fourth inguinal mouse mammary gland and quantification of total mammary gland a area and b density on PND50 (n = 8–9/group). c Proliferation staining (Ki-67) quantification (percentage/1000 cells) with representative PND50 control and LP mammary gland sections (20× magnification, mean ± SEM, n = 6/group). d Morphological quantification (percentage/1000 cells) of apoptotic cells with representative PND50 control and LP mammary gland sections (100× magnification, mean ± SEM, n = 7–9/group). e Proliferation/apoptosis ratio in control and LP mammary tissue. Significant differences versus the control (CON) group were determined by t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Scale bars= 3 mm (a,b) and 20 μm (c,d)

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